Sh.K. Тuleubayeva, M.T. Sayakova, B.
Mergenbai
Buketov
Karaganda State University, Karaganda
Atmospheric
air pollution
The environmental problems connected with economic
activity of the person do not lose the relevance today.
There is a relentless deterioration in state of
environment on a global scale. In the atmosphere there increases concentration
of carbon dioxide, the ozone layer of Earth collapses, the acid rains doing
harm to all livings things, loss of types of living beings accelerates, fishing
withers dropping out, decrease in fertility of the earth undermines the efforts
directed to feeding hungry ones, water is poisoned, and the forest earth's
mantle becomes less.
Atmospheric air is the natural mix of gases of a ground
layer of the atmosphere outside inhabited, production and other rooms which
developed during evolution of Earth.
The atmosphere reliably protects mankind against the
numerous dangers menacing to it from space: does not miss meteorites, protects
the earth from an overheat, measuring solar energy in necessary quantity,
levels drop daily temperatures, which would be about 200 K, that is unacceptable for survival of all
terrestrial beings. The avalanche of space radiations every second falls upon
the upper bound of the atmosphere. If they reached the land surface, every livings
things instantly would disappear on Earth.
The gas cover saves everything living on Earth from
pernicious ultraviolet, x-ray and space rays. Value of the atmosphere and in
light distribution is big. Air of the atmosphere breaks sunshine into one
million small beams, disseminates them and creates that uniform lighting to
which we got used. Besides, the atmosphere is environment where sounds spread.
Without air on Earth the silence would reign, the human speech would be
impossible.
However a significant amount of gaseous industrial
wastes is released into the atmosphere.
Pollutant is the impurity in atmospheric air making an
adverse effect on health of the person, objects of a plant and animal life and
other components of the surrounding environment at certain concentration or
causing damage to material values.
The main sources of pollution of atmospheric air are
the industry and motor transport.
In recent years the content of atmospheric air of the
cities and industrial centers of such harmful impurity such the weighed
substances as, sulfur dioxide. Significantly decreased as with considerable
output gap also the number of industrial emissions was reduced, and
concentration of carbon oxide and dioxide of nitrogen grew in connection with
growth of the park of cars. Animals and plants suffer from air pollution.
Influence of sulfur vapor and its derivatives on the
person and animals is shown first of all in damage of the top airways, under the
influence of sulfur vapor and sulfuric acid there is a destruction of a
chlorophyll in leaves of plants in this connection photosynthesis and breath
worsens, growth is slowed down, quality of wood plantings and productivity of
crops decreases, and at higher and long doses of influence vegetation perishes.
The polluted atmosphere causes the increase of number
of respiratory diseases. The condition of the atmosphere affects incidence
indicators even in different districts of the industrial cities. For example,
in a big city predisposition to bronchial asthma, bronchitis, conjunctivitis,
pharyngitis, tonsillitis, chronic otitis is on 40-60% higher in areas with the
increased level of pollution of atmospheric air.
Real danger to ecological equilibrium in the ocean is
constituted by the following forms of anthropogenous influence: pollution of
water areas; violation of the mechanism of reproduction of marine organisms;
rejection of coastal and equatorial space for the economic purposes.
Oceans and the seas become soiled by such harmful substances,
to their activity, as oil, heavy metals, pesticides, radioisotopes. Harmful
substances bring the polluted rivers to the ocean, sewage of various industrial
enterprises is dumped there, the drain from fields and from the woods processed
by pesticides, losses of oil from the tankers which transporting it.
Gaseous toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide, come to sea water from the atmosphere. To the World Ocean with
rains 50 thousand tons of the lead getting to air with exhaust gases of cars
are annually besieged.
Degree of impurity of waters constantly increases in
the ocean. Ability of water to self-cleaning is a time insufficient to cope
with constantly increasing number of the dumped waste.
Under the influence of courses of pollution mix up and
very quickly extend, making harmful effects on the zones rich with animals and
vegetation, cause serious damage to a condition of marine ecosystems and
economy in general.
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