The Development of Creative Thinking of Pupils by Means of Folk Pedagogy
Dosbenbetova A. S., Ph. D., Professor
Alikulova K. N., 3rd year student
South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical Institute
Resume
The article is focused at the
technology of development of creative thinking in the English lessons by using the
traditional pedagogy. This technology provides for the quick memorization of
new words, English language comprehension, the realization of the language
structure; according to the technology English culture is acquired as a whole
in comparison to the Kazakh culture, this allows students to analyze and
organize information, to understand the
culture of another people.
Key words: creative thinking, creativity, folk pedagogy,
technology.
The prospect of the subject follows
from the Message of Nursultan Nazarbayev the President of Republic of
Kazakhstan "Strategy "Kazakhstan-2050". Kazakhstan is a fast
developing country. To exit to the world stage Kazakhstan needs young
specialists, who are fluent in English. "We should work to breakthrough in
learning the English language” - N. A. Nazarbayev [1].
Creative thinking gives huge prospects not
only in learning foreign languages, but also in the development of thinking in
general. Creativity makes the process of thinking fascinating and helps one to
find new solutions to the regular problems. Signs of creativity are socially
useful results like inventions, works of art or musical compositions. If one
develops his creative thinking, using the means of national pedagogy it is
possible to succeed in any field of teaching, including learning English.
Practice
shows that the use in the educational process of centuries-old wisdom of the people
is expressed in proverbs and sayings, riddles, folk games, fairy tales and
other means of national pedagogics influence greatly the development of
creative thinking of students. This technology includes the process of comparing
English and Kazakh culture, allowing students to analyze the information
received, to summarize it, competently to draw conclusions. Culture study in
the process of comparison has several advantages: it contributes to raising
awareness of the traditions and customs of their ancestors; creates a sense of
unity and solidarity of the people of Kazakhstan, has a
fascinating informative.
Creative
thinking study has its beginning in the 50-ies of XX century, at that period a
tendency to release creativity as a specific type of abilities got its
implementation. Famous American psychologists L. Thurstone , J. Gilford, D. and
Johnson. L contributed greatly to the development of the issue. Thurstone
analyzed the possible role of creativity abilities to quickly learn some new
information and different ways to use it. D. Johnson produced a questionnaire
to identify manifestations of creativity [2].
Such Russian scientists as Y. A. Ponomarev, B.
G. Ananiev and other experts devoted their efforts to the development of creative
thinking, psychology of creativity and intuition. B. G. Ananiev believes that "creativity
is the process of objectification of man's inner world. Creative expression is an integral expression
of all forms of human life, is a manifestation of his personality" [3].
Kazakhstan scientists A. S.
Chaikovsky, and B. A. Nurkeev while studying the creative thinking published
the following works: "the Main
Directions of Research of Creativity in Pedagogy and Psychology" and
"Pedagogical Conditions of Development of Creative Potential of Students Based
on the Innovative Educational Technologies". [4].
One of the areas of the human mind, into which
the computers have not yet even invaded is creative thinking. Creativity is the
antithesis of formulaic thinking. It averts from conventional ideas and boring,
the usual way of looking at things and creates original solutions.
The term ‘creativity’ originates from the
English word create — to create. The concept of creativity can be described as
creative abilities of the individual, which are characterized by the adoption
and creation of fundamentally new ideas that deviate from traditional or
accepted patterns of thought and within the structure of giftedness as an
independent factor. At the household level, creativity is manifested as wit in
the ability to achieve goals, find a way out of seemingly hopeless situation. In
the broad sense it means non-trivial and ingenious solution to the problem.
Creativity is not the same thing. Creativity
is the creation of a product of art. Creativity is the generation of
fundamentally new, previously unknown ideas. Creative thinking models artistic
images and brings them into any scenario or subject. Creative thinking is the
ability to produce invention and scientific discoveries. Undoubtedly, it is the
combination of the two types of thinking to achieve maximum results in any operation.
Through creativity, a child develops
his thinking. This is facilitated by the persistence and expressed interests.
The starting point for the development of imagination should be the directed
activity, meaning the inclusion of the fantasies of children of the specific
practical problems.
Criteria of creativity according to Torrance:
fluency — the ability to produce a large number of ideas; flexibility — the
ability to apply a variety of strategies when solving problems; originality —
the ability to produce unusual, unconventional ideas, elaboration — the ability
to develop details to the emerged ideas; the resistance of the circuit is the
ability not to follow the stereotypes and for a long period of time
"remain open" for a variety of incoming information when solving
problems; abstractness of titles is the understanding of the problem that is
really significant. [5].
The practical application of technology of
development of creative thinking in the classroom should be established by the
conditions of formation of creative thinking, such as a situation of
incompleteness, allowing and even encouraging a variety of issues; promotion of
independence, self-development; bilingual experience; positive attention to the
child by adults. The practical application of technology is using the method of
expert assessment and Delphi technique — a technique that enables the use of
surveys, interviews, brainstorming sessions to achieve the maximum consensus in
defining the correct solution.
The practical application of the technology is
the use of traditional pedagogy in the English language lessons in the 5-7
classes, such as Proverbs and sayings, learning national clothes and food,
fairy tales, myths and legends, folk instruments in the process of comparison
with the English culture, because the English language learning cannot proceed
without studying the English culture, so as to be fluent in a foreign language
one needs to learn how to build phrases, sentences, which is not an easy task,
given that representatives of other people think otherwise. The study of
culture involves the understanding of other people and study the culture of
strange people will be much more interesting and easier by comparing with their
own culture, in particular in comparison of English culture and the culture of
the Kazakh people, this will help to identify the similarities and differences
in both cultures, which automatically systematize information from students.
During the lesson, a teacher should use means of presentation – visual content
presented on the interactive whiteboard. During the lesson the process of
immersion into the culture of both nations is present: a comparison of Proverbs
and sayings, national costumes, traditional food, myths and legends, literary
images, such as "Kozy-Korpesh - Bayan Sulu" and "Romeo and
Juliet" and folk musical instruments.
Literature
1.Послание
Президента Республики Казахстан Н.А.Назарбаева народу Казахстана «Казахстанский
путь: Единая цель, единые интересы, единое будущее» //Казахстанская правда.- 18 января, 2014 г.
2. Johnson D.L. Creativity checklist (Cch) Cat No.
33780 M, 1979.
3. Ананьев Б. Г.
Человек как предмет познания. СПб.: Питер, 2001.
4. А. С.
Швайковский, Б.А. Нуркеева
«Педагогические условия развития креативного потенциала студентов на
основе инновационных образовательных технологий» Шымкент, 2009.
5. Torrance, E.P. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking.
— Scholastic Testing Service, Inc., 1974
Түйін
Бұл мақала ағылшын тілі
сабағында халық педагогика құралдары арқылы
оқушылардың креативтік ойлау қабілетін дамыту технологиясына
арналған. Нәтижесінде, білім
алушылар ағылшын тілін түсіну, ағылшын мәдениетін
қазақ ұлттық
мәдениетімен салыстырмалы түрде ұғыну біліктіліктері
қалыптасады.
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается технология
развития креативного мышления учащихся
на уроках английского языка с
использованием средств народной педагогики. Данная технология позволяет
учащимся быстро запоминать новые слова, понимать английскую речь, способы ее
построения на основе сравнения
английской культуры с казахской, что позволяет ученикам
анализировать и систематизировать информацию,
понимать культуру другого народа.