PLASTICS
CENTURY IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Derkunska Zhanna,
Volynets Valentyna
Modern
plastics astonishingly diverse, they have become common attributes of our
everyday life, engineering, chemical, food, quite confidently took its place in
the oil and gas industry, although recently the discovery was just a huge step
forward in the development of industrial technologies.
In
1862, at the Great International Exhibition in
Modern
plastics are produced by chemical reactions - polymerization and polycondensation processes of different polymers, natural
and synthetic origin. Their unique structure and properties not only cause the creation
of innovative products, but also areas of industry.
Oil
and gas industry provides production, transportation, storage and processing of
oil and natural gas, which are the main sources of primary energy in the world
today, and are crucial for economic development of any country.
In
the oil and gas industry clearly defined the following main areas of
application of plastics, as structural materials for machine parts and devices;
as a material for pipes; as material containers for storage and transportation
of oil; protection of machines and pipes from the effects of chemically
aggressive environments; as the plugging material for severe conditions of
posting well; for mounting productive zones; to improve the technological
properties of mud.
The
use of plastics as construction material for the equipment in manufacture is
used. Developed and implemented a large number of plastic parts, the most
interesting of which are the following: responsible rig parts - brake pads;
rotor and stator Turbine drills; impellers submerged centrifugal pumps which
normally operate in oil wells with sulfur; impeller internal combustion
engines; pump impellers; Pulleys for machine-beam units; plastic piston ring
compressors; gaskets for sealing flange joints fountain fixtures; safety plugs
and rings to protect threaded connections geology exploration pipes; Cuff seal
valves and pistons pump discharge line for condensate and oil from the
receiving apparatus oil and gas storage
compressor stations in industrial parks; filters. Plastic pads for receiving
and exhaust lines in the cooling system of compressors and auxiliary equipment
are successfully operated. The use of plastic seals in valves (seals rods,
etc.) has reduced gas losses and gas area.
The
oil and gas industries are the largest consumers of pipes. Plastic pipes began
to be applied to fields in the
Nowadays
the widely growing use pipes with fiberglass, which at the same strength four
times lighter than steel, do not corrode, resistant to oil, gas condensate, do
not require electrical safety of stray current, easy to install, different low
combustibility, increased physical and mechanical properties, durability and
resistance to overload, not overgrown with smooth inner surface, which allows
the use in pipelines of smaller diameter tubes, suitable for transporting oil,
can be used for drainage devices. Glass - a promising material for non-metallic
tubing and casing that work in specific severe conditions of high mechanical
stress, chemical exposure environment, high temperature.
Plastic
storage tanks for oil and petroleum products appeared relatively recently. They
have a square shape, greatly facilitates transport and have low capacity. This
is a small fortress walls, which is used to manufacture a variety of special
plastic. The amount of storage does not exceed five cubic meters, so they are
unsuitable for use in industrial scale. To give greater strength of the walls,
they are reinforced on the outside. No need for available viewing window because
the manufacturing of storage used light translucent plastic.
Soft
containers called "flexible tankers" used for shipping. There are
floating containers for transportation and storage of submarine oil. The
material for the manufacture of cylinders is nylon, PVC reinforced film or
fabric impregnated rubber. Polyethylene and fiberglass manufacturing capacity
is in a hard road and rail tankers and containers of different sizes.
Protection
of equipment and pipelines against corrosion is another major area of
application of plastics. To eliminate the premature destruction
of isolated working surfaces chemically resistant coatings is special plastic, y
that ensures no penetration of various aggressive environments.
Covering
with plastic made as a lining, taxation of the working surface sheet or
synthetic material, or as a coating.
Plastics
are used for fighting absorption of drilling fluid during the drilling of
porous rocks. For that purpose, such as mud injected pieces of cellophane as
filler. Cellophane swells in water and prevents the release of mud into the
pores of the rock.
Plastics
are used in the process of strengthening the productive sands poorly connected
areas. The sand forms a shaft hole plugs that block access to the surface of
the oil and gas and much destroy underground and ground service equipment. For
fixing bottom hole used phenol resins mixed with coarse sand. The effectiveness
is proved by laboratory and industrial research.
Nowadays,
scientists around the world actively continue to work towards a new, modern construction
materials. It is proved that the use of plastic profitable economically. For
example, one ton of plastic replaces three tons of non-ferrous metals, besides
plastic parts 9-10 times less expensive bronze and about 15 times - babbitt. The complexity of the processing plastics is much less than the processing of
metals. Analyzing the properties of modern plastic, gives an opportunity to say
that this material is closely related past, present and future of major
industries and humanity in general.
RESOURCES
1. Karnauhrv N.N. Yakubovskaya
S.T. Estimation of structural reliability of polyethylene pipelines in the
application of new construction techniques // Proceedings of the universities.
Oil and gas. -
2. Materials of construction in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural
gas industries. Schreiber G.K., Perlin S.M., Shibryaev B.F. M .: Engineering, 1989. - 396 p.
3. Agapchev V.I. Prospects for the use of
pipes made of polymer materials in the oil industry / V.I.Agapchev,
V.A.Martyasheva, N.G.Mihaylenko
et al. // City-Inform. Ser. Corrosion control and environmental protection - M
.: VNII0ENG, 1988, Vol. 3 (77). - from. 44.
4. Pasternak V.I. Sedykh AD. Plastic
pipes used in the oil and gas industry. Overview. Ser, and corrosion protection
in the oil and gas industry. Vol. 9. - M .: VNII0ENG, 1981. - p. 40.
5. Solohub MA,