Economics / Foreign economic activity

Ph.D. Lapin EN

Stavropol State Agrarian University, Russia

Ph.D. Ostapenko Е.А.

Stavropol State Agrarian University, Russia

Ph.D. Shamrin S.Y.

Stavropol State Agrarian University, Russia

Development of competitive relations in Russia

Competition policy is a measure that aimed to raise the economy of the country and include the rational use of resources, as well as the protection of consumers' interests. To implement these points, the emphasis is on economic entities, which provide conditions for the development of enterprises, thus consumers in the face of the citizens will be security in goods and services. The program is the formation of competition in Russia is considered the basis for the implementation of competition policy, defines its priorities and main directions for the period until 2012, includes antimonopoly control measures, other protective measures as well as measures to create competition, enabling and stimulating entrepreneurial activity.

In the interests of the Government, the chairman approves a new program for the development of competition, which is aimed at its development. To ensure that this program has been implemented, provided sureties. In this sector includes the federal executive bodies and executive bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation and thereby ensure the implementation of programs within their jurisdiction.

Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation shall take measures to coordinate the work of federal executive bodies and executive bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation to implement the program, including the development of executive bodies of subjects of the Russian regional programs of development of competition.

Federal executive bodies specified submit to the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation on a quarterly basis until the 10th day of the month following the reporting period, data on the implementation of the program.

Antitrust regulation is considered to be an important tool for protecting competition, able to warn of threats that have a different character effects. Among the negative factors can be attributed to a negative impact on the effectiveness of the implementation of competition protection function. These include congestion of the antimonopoly authority, statements and actions indirectly combined with protection of competition. Adjusting pricing only antitrust enforcement methods can lead to a significant distortion of the competitive environment on the relevant market. Imperfect legal framework is also considered an obstacle to the anti-monopoly regulation.

In order to provide a more perfect antitrust law is necessary to increase the economic validity of the antimonopoly body adopted decisions. To do this, you need to change the procedure for establishing the dominant position of an economic entity. The prevailing situation must be installed on the consideration of a combination of factors, not just the size of the share of an economic entity in the market. These factors include, including the presence of obstacles with a view to entry into the market of new participants, the elasticity of demand for the product, the availability of substitute goods, the ratio of parts of the company, its customers and competitors and other factors.

To carry out an economic analysis, it is necessary to carry out evaluation of the environment, as well as to formalize and regulate the procedure of its holding. To perform this task, it is necessary to establish a federal law major behavioral and structural criteria for the review and evaluation of competitive ability of the environment, as well as to provide for mandatory inclusion in the analysis of the results of the decision in the case of non-compliance with antitrust laws.

Two categories of violations of the antimonopoly legislation directly and indirectly related to the restriction of competition is necessary to delineate clearly.

The first category is a violation of antitrust laws. The essence of this disorder is that competition in this case, the limit or may limit, it will certainly affect an indefinite number of persons engaged in economic activities, and are in the competitive environment of the individual market. The punishment for this offense should be tightened and be responsible up to criminal prosecution.

The second category of offenses include violations that do not carry a special public danger and are associated exclusively with the individual facts of infringement of the dominant subject of a specific counterparty consumer. By this also includes violation of access to infrastructure of natural monopolies (such as violation of the terms of connection to the electric grids of a non-rival business entity or person who is not engaged in business activities).

Both categories have different structures and therefore have a different trial. The first category does not include a detailed analysis of the market, which implies a rapid decision. For this violation should provide for the punishment of a fine to be imposed on a legal person, and then charged to earnings.

Programs industry development and investment programs of natural monopolies should not only be linked to each other, but also relate to the general policy of the development of competition in the Russian Federation, it is aimed at creating infrastructure in those places where there is a deficit.

An important anti-crisis measure is to support the demand by expanding public procurement, as well as the needs of the public corporations and natural monopolies.

Competition policy in the crisis should include the following measures:

should significantly reduce the cost of entering the market, including through the reduction of administrative barriers in sectors with strong entry barriers;

- the implementation of control, it is worth paying attention to the actions of the authorities, as in the case of economic entities, on the contrary reduced.

- it is necessary to approve the responsibility for violations and to consider non-discriminatory access to services of natural monopolies;

- should be reduced the number of transactions, subject to prior approval by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia, in the first place should be to eliminate the mandatory approval of transactions within a group of persons;

- it requires the development of efficient, extremely accessible and transparent competitive public procurement system, orders of state corporations and natural monopolies, including through the expansion of the practice of placing orders on electronic auctions.

Today, any country and any company can not avoid competition, it has become a necessity. And gets into a fight, they try to escape from it as winners or stay at a decent level.

It would not sound strange, but the competition is part of the economic system, and thanks to her country may create more national wealth at a lower cost for each type of product, compared with the monopoly and the planned economy.

Competitiveness of Russian is a very «raw» level. Such a conclusion can be made on the acts and programs that have been launched and more abolished by the Russian government, but the situation does not remain without attention and is under control, which is very encouraging.

Literature:

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2. Gurnovich, TG Fish is looking for where it is deeper, and the people - where more. optimization of the production volume of business structures / TG Gurnovich, wind MN // Russian Entrepreneurship. 2006. № 7. S. 34-40.

3. Latysheva, LA Financial Management / LA Latyshev, YM Sklyarov, IY Sklyarov, SV Frolkov, AJ Glushko LV Kuleshov, TV Skrebtsova, SY Shamrin, NV Sobchenko NV, AV. Nesterenko, TA Bashkatova, TN Uryadova, EN Kapustin: the textbook. – Moscow, 2016.