Государственное
управление/2.Современные технологии управления
Tetkusizova S.T., 2nd year undergraduate majoring state
of local government
Karaganda economic university of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Kazakhstan
MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF
KAZAKHSTAN
In the first decade of the 2000s,
the economy of regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (as well as the country as
a whole) had a steady growth. Despite the global crisis, the overall
socio-economic pokazateli were stable, but it was growth without development,
no qualitative changes in its strukture, technical re-equipment, innovative
renewal of production, the growth of labor proizvoditelnosti that led to
stagnation in the economy, in the social sphere. Therefore, in the Message
Prezidenta Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev on January 27, 2012.
"Socio-economic modernizatsiya - the main vector of development of
Kazakhstan" main issues for the coming decades marked the modernization of
economy and social sphere, translating them into innovative way razvitiya.
Accordingly, the main objectives of the modernization of social and economic
development Kazahstana and its regions are the formation of a truly democratic
social orientirovannogo state with a strong innovative economy capable of
ensuring a high level and quality of life, and maintaining the country's
competitiveness in the global ekonomike .
Long-term strategy
"Kazakhstan-2050" and the plans for its development, aimed at
upgrading the socio-economic system should take into account the existing
potential of the country. Therefore, we introduce the concept of
"socio-economic potential of the modernization," which includes not
only the collection of resources, but also the qualitative characteristics
themselves regionalnyh systems. At the same time the socio-economic
modernization is a complex vzaimosvyazannyh areas covering industrial policy,
the development of scientific, technological and innovation potential,
improvement of social infrastructure.
When upgrading economic development
of the regions most acutely following questions are: that is of prime
importance - the acceleration of economic growth and containing inflation; how
to start upgrading - institutional (improvient of institutions) or process (to
stimulate growth); on a demand orientirovatsya - internal or external?
Fundamentally important as the
choice of the path of the two modernization alternatives: either the top or
bottom. If you select the first way the state's role is reduced to the strict
regulation to pereraspredeleniyu gross domestic product in its favor, to the
concentration of resources, neobhodimyh for massive investment in the
reconstruction of the economy, to the choice of sectoral priorities and
strengthen administration. The second way involves the dominant role of
grass-roots units ekonomiki - enterprises and their corporate associations,
market forces, private initiative. Gosudarstvu here is given the task of
creating a proactive economic conditions.
A characteristic feature of the
options under consideration is insufficient consideration prostranstvennogo
factor formed a broad set of regional characteristics of the country, while the
long-term strategy should be based on the existing potential of the region.
The modernization of the national
economies can be carried out using sobstvennyh resources of the state and
private business (creative class), and by attracting foreign investment, new
knowledge, development and technology (adaptive type). It seems that for Kazakh
regions are characterized by modernization of mixed type, with organic using
advanced foreign achievements and capabilities of their own research and
innovation potentsiala. The choice of a particular type of modernization for a
particular territory must come from podrobnogo analysis of the socio-economic
potential of the region and include such aspekty as a production base, the
development of technology, the level of professional kompetentsii different
categories of manpower available scientific technical potential, the
possibility finansovye territories, etc.
In this connection, it seems
appropriate to operate with the concept of "socio-economic potential of
the modernization," including the collection of structural elements of the
social and economic potential, which can be used to solve the problems of
modernization.
The concept of "socio-economic
potential of modernization" includes not only a set of resources, but also
the qualitative characteristics of own regional systems, which makes it
possible to judge how the current system of industrial relations, priorities of
development, social policy in the regions aimed at solving the problems of
modernization.
In our view, the basis of management
of socio-economic modernization of the potential of the concept should be based
on the following principles:
- The potential of a dynamic
characteristic and is found only in the course of its use;
- Use of the potential
socio-economic system must be accompanied by postoyannym its growth;
- The use of processes and capacity
building are contiguous and complement each other.
The defining feature of the
modernization potential of the regions acts prioritetny character not only
reached the level of the most important parameters of volume, but also the
dynamics ekonomicheskogo and social development of the respective territory,
that fundamentally distinguishes the potential ability of a region to the
upgrading of the overall level of its economic development, characterized only
static (level) indicative-set, such as, for example, the gross regional
product.
Based on their socio-economic
analysis, we found a rather low gotovnost most regions of Kazakhstan to the
implementation of the modernization reform. The main reasons for this situation
are:
- Insufficient level of GDP per
capita in most regions of Kazakhstan; a significant depreciation of fixed
assets as a whole in Kazakhstan, as well as a significant differentsiatsiya
regions of Kazakhstan by assets-;
- Low levels of investment in fixed
assets;
- Insufficient financial support for
science and scientific developments, the low degree of innovatsionnoy activity,
which is the reason for the low-tech production;
- The uneven settlement of the labor
force, creating a labor surplus and-trudodefi-deficient regions;
- Low level of life expectancy, an
aging population; uroven high socio-economic differentiation of the population.
In carrying out socio-economic
modernization of the country are suitable nedostatkov elimination of existing
state regional policy and improvement of management tools metodicheskogo
socio-economic development of regions.
Investigation of the dynamics of
development at the national level industries shows their znachimost for
formation of indicators of industrial and social sphere of the region as well
as the achievement of common Kazakh macroeconomic indicators at the strategic
perspektivu will emerge as a result of the functioning of regional
socio-economic sistem country.
However, due to the level of
resource endowment differences and the extent of their use, the contribution of
a region in all Kazakhstan's economy will have its parametry quantitative and
qualitative characteristics.
A study of the existing areas of
management practice has shown a number of shortcomings gosudarstvennoy regional
policy of modern Kazakhstan, in significant of which are the following:
- Absence of a unified system of
evidence-based planning of social and economic development, as well as clear
mechanisms for harmonization and synchronization strategies and regional
development programs;
- Centralization of power and the
concentration of significant financial resources are focused on the national
level, which makes it impossible to encourage regional governments to improve
governance;
- Policy alignment level of
socio-economic development does not produce tangible rezultatov and saved a
diverse region, which continue to have a significant impact on negativnoe
structure and efficiency of the economy.
The main condition for increasing
the efficiency of management of socio-economic razvitiem regions in the
direction of modernization is the creation of a system of strategic
planirovaniya, including macro, meso and micro levels. Therefore necessary to
create prostranstvenno-branch system of strategic program management of
socio-economic development.
For a comprehensive socio-economic
modernization of Kazakhstan regions needed improvement of the state regional
policy, strengthening of the state regulirovaniya, introduction of modern
effective forms and methods of influence on socio-economic processes, as well as
a qualitative change in the control system. All this trudnorealizuemo so
crucial inter-regional cooperation, based on kooperatsii and specialization of
different regions.
In this regard, it seems justified
to increase the role of regional management system of interregional and
cross-border cooperation in the framework of the Customs Union.
As part of the modernization of the
regional economy it is necessary to solve a number of problems, naibolee
important of which, from the point of view of the modernization strategy
include:
- The implementation of major
projects and targeted programs; mobilization and rational ispolzovanie
financial, material, labor and other resources;
- Development of inter-regional
integration of production, formation rynochnuyu enhance maneuverability and
stability systems of corporate production and commercial obedineny
(corporations, corporations, associations, etc.), scientific and industrial
complexes, svyazannyh closely with small businesses, large and diversified
geographically kompleksov economic and regional (zonal) markets with
significant commodity resources and market infrastructure;
- Establishment of stable
inter-market linkages;
- The effective regulation of
scientific and technological progress, use and protection of prirodnyh
resources, the establishment of the leading areas of intensification of
production and resursosberezheniya;
- Definition of regional and
sectoral priorities of structural adjustment, investitsionnoy activity, the
organization of system of state support of the underdeveloped regions;
- The establishment of rational and
sustainable economic proportions and relationships, sposobstvuyuschih stability
of a single national economic space.
A feature of the proposed scheme is
its focus on the objectives and parameters of all Kazakhstan modernization
transformations.
In recent years, conceptual and
strategic policy documents (Spatial Development Strategy until 2015 .;
territory development program for 2011-2015 .; Program "Regional
Development", single-industry towns development program for 2012-2020.)
Were developed in the regions of Kazakhstan . The most relevant is their
updating aimed at linking sovremennogo state of the economy with long-term
development strategy for the regions of the country until 2050, This would
include the implementation of the modernization scenario of socio-economic
development.
It should be the establishment of a
multi-level system of planning regions as an efficient way of implementing
strategic objectives and development priorities.
This system includes the
strategic, tactical and operational levels of planning and is based on regular
monitoring. In this case it seems appropriate to combine the process of
developing medium and kratkosrochnyh plans (programs), ie to create a continuous
planning system, organically sochetayuschuyu elements of tactical and
operational planning.
The essence continuous planning is
to develop a single document - kompleksnogo plan (program) development of the
region for 5 years. In this first year is considered in terms of (programme) in
detail, with monthly (quarterly) breakdown of activities and planned
indicators, the second - more than aggregated, with the semi-annual breakdown
of measures and indicators, and the third posleduyuschy years - no quarterly
breakdown in annual parameters. In preparing the plan (programmy) for the next
year is constantly being refined and complemented by measures for the coming
years and thus ensured continuity and succession planning of the implementation
of its strategy and management.
In order to achieve the objectives
of modernization of regional socio-economic systems znachitelnym Institute has
the potential of public-private partnership (PPP). One of the conditions of
formation of effective economic policy, increase investment and innovation, the
competitiveness of the country's growth and development of industrial and
social infrastructure is the development of effective institutions for
cooperation between the state and biznesa, which will increase the GDP growth
rate, improve the efficiency of the public sector in terms of compliance with
the developmental needs of the economy, to reduce costs at all levels
realizatsii infrastructure projects. Along with this cooperation enhances the
quality and increase the availability of social and economic infrastructure,
and factors of production, capital, labor, technology, and the development of
inter-firm cooperation relations, promote export and attract foreign
investment.
However, the process of creation and
use of PPPs in Kazakhstan is only at the initial stage. To expand the business
partnership and power possible through the creation of favorable conditions for
the development of the business environment. Along with the implemented
measures stimuliruyuschimi business for effective investment are very important
and practical steps to develop institutov public-private consultation,
partnership formation plans, expand common Kazakh activity, sectoral and
regional business associations. Based on this partnership between government
and business should be developed territorialnom (regional) and sectoral levels.
Decisive importance in the
implementation of socio-economic modernization of regions has
neoindustrialization, optimal organizational-economic form realizatsii which is
targeted industrial policy.
The study of foreign experience in
implementing industrial policy shows that lokomotivom industrial development in
different time became different tools gosudarstvennogo incentives. Selection of
a specific group of mechanisms for the implementation of public tasks in the
direction of increasing the country's competitiveness depends on its starting
socio-economic status.
The most important condition of
social and economic modernization of the region is the implementation of the
regional innovation system governance model, taking into account the
characteristics of the economy of Kazakhstan sovremennogo regions, poor coordination
in their generation process innovatsionnyh ideas and experiences of their
advancement.
Successful modernization is
impossible without improving the quality of human potentsiala that, in turn,
requires a change in the existing guidelines, directions and mechanisms of
realization of social policy in the regions. In this case, the degree of
success depends on upgrading the level of development of the social
environment, its susceptibility to processes sovershenstvovaniya existing or
introduction of new technologies, products and services, implementation of
novyh principles of the organization of economic life, new models and
management mechanisms, etc.
Examples of the most successful
"modernization breakthrough" in history have been linked to
suschestvennymi qualitative changes in the state of human resources, changes
accomplished under the influence of both the top (the state to implement
large-scale programs of social development, stimulate the formation of
institutions, etc.), and below ( potrebnosti varied and targeted installation
citizens markedly increased level of enthusiasm and social mobility, etc.).
At the same time the problem of
human development are global in nature. Bolshinstvo developed countries are
forced to restructure their social systems, responding to modern challenges: an
aging population and an increase in the social burden on the working-age
citizens, the growth of urban population, the change in value orientations of
major groups.
Thus, due to the need to move to the
modernization model of development, at both the national and regional levels
must be the establishment of socially oriented bath institutional policies,
including [5]:
- A significant increase in
attention to social innovation, bring existing at the regional (local) level of
formal and informal norms, rules and traditions in the social field, in
accordance with the requirements of modern life;
- Taken to determine the extent of
the value of sources and the impact of social investment, the dominant source
of which in the conditions of modern Kazakhstan yavlyaetsya government
(national and regional) budget. However, innovative ap-dy needed to attract
businesses to address the most acute social problems;
- Institutional changes in the
regions should be oriented not only to spot innovation, but also on the
creation of a broad institutional environment, mass involvement of citizens in
creative activity in all spheres of life support.
In the context of the modernization
of the central link and target setting social policy, including social policy
at the regional level, should be human development. Neobhodimy creation in the
regions targeted training of highly qualified personnel systems and the
implementation of appropriate organizational and economic effektivnosti improve
regional educational policy mechanisms.
An important condition for the
modernization and quality of economic growth, along with high intellektualnym
potential advocates maintaining a high level of public health, which requires
improving the regional health systems. Expenses svyazannye in fulfilling our
social obligations, primarily in the areas of health, obrazovaniya, cultural
policy needs to be considered as a priority strategic investments.
A modernization policy should be
focused on achieving the best pokazateley t. N. "Healthy longevity",
which requires the formation of high-value health, creating conditions for a
healthy lifestyle and preventive activity of the population. In light of this
fundamental importance are the following:
Firstly, an effective solution to
the issues of public health at the present time is only possible in the context
of inter-agency (functional, cross-sectoral, cross-sectoral) management, with
the active involvement of the civil society institutions;
Second, a key link in the health
care system becomes primary care, primary health care, which is an integral
part of a national health system, performing its main function being its
central part, and all protsessa socio-economic development of society.
To summarize our studies possible
directions of socio-economic modernization of Kazakhstan's regions, one can
draw some conclusions.
Socio-economic modernization is a
complex of interconnected napravleny, including a system of national interests,
goals and obschestvennogo development priorities, challenges transformation of
Kazakhstan's economy, its institutional Arrange-tion and maintenance of social
and economic policy. It serves sophisticated resource-protsessom implemented
through a combination of theory, methodology and practice of strategic
planirovaniya, theories, concepts and methods of state and regional economic
governance.
Implementation of modernization
without a thorough account of the socio-territorial osobennostey countries may
lead to an uneven distribution of "modernization effect" that will
cause even greater when compared with existing imbalances in territory
development, and to further heterogeneity of social and economic space of the
country.
Managing the process of
socio-economic modernization of regions provided putem formation of multilevel
system of planning, including strategic, operational and taktichesky its views
and relies on regular monitoring.
The necessary conditions for a
successful modernization is to increase the role and place instituta
public-private partnership in the implementation of the tasks of modernization
of regional social-but-ekonomichekih systems, the development of appropriate
mechanisms for partnership between the state and biznesa and formation of
favorable environment in the regions of knowledge generation, which is based on
the creation of regional innovation systems and the implementation of
organizational and instrumental projects on the modernization of the scientific
and technical potential. Decisive importance in the implementation of sotsialno-economic
modernization of regions has neoindustrialiatsiya, optimal
organizational-economic form of realization of which is targeted promyshlennaya
policy.
Therefore, in the regions of
Kazakhstan is necessary to the implementation of the modernization meropriyaty
involving the use of organic as the best foreign achievements and capabilities
of its own scientific and innovative potential.
Bibliography
1. Strategy "Kazakhstan 2050»
akorda.kz
2. Territorial Development Strategy
of Kazakhstan until 2015 akorda.kz
3. Akayev AA On the strategy of
innovation and modernization of the Russian economy / A.A.Akaev, I.E.Anufriev,
D.I.Kuznetsov // Modelling and forecasting of the global, regional and national
development. - M .: Book House "LIBROKOM", 2011. - P. 178-209.
4. Myslyakova YG Features of
formation of regional socially responsible institutional policies /
Yu.G.Myslyakova, S.B.Bronshteyn // The economy of the region. - 2011. - № 1. -
C. 130-136.
5. Official site JSC
"Kazakhstan Public-Private Partnership» kzppp.kz