Tynbayeva G.S., Karaganda State University, Foreign
languages faculty
Nurpeissova A.K., Karaganda State University 2 course
student
PSYCHOLOGICAL
TEACHER TRAINING IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNIZATION OF THE KAZAKHSTAN EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM.
In
recent years more and more attention is paid to the modernization processes in
Kazakhstan, and besides the emphasis is not only in technology upgrading, but
also in the social sphere, because the technological mode is a socioeconomic
phenomenon as well.
The concept of modernization is close to the concept of innovation, however,
these are two different categories. Modernization means creating fundamental
prerequisites of social and economic development and innovation is the
acceleration of this process. It can be seen they are complementary concepts
that ensure the development of society. Modernization is a foundation of
innovative type of society. Formation of the modernization infrastructure is a
catalyst of innovation processes in the country; instrument implemented changes
aimed at ensuring of the economic growth; factor of the state system
functioning.
Main
socioeconomic preconditions for the formation of innovative educational
environment are fundamental changes in the system of organizational, managerial
and economic relations in the sphere of education and the forming of the new
technological mode, based on widespread use of information technology [1].
These ones should be especially highlighted:
- Transformation of the management system in the field of education;
- Changes in the structure of education;
- Strengthening of integration processes in the education system;
- Widespread use of information and communication technologies and electronic
educational products;
- Modernization of the regulatory framework in the field of education.
Because of the development of informative society "the knowledge
economy" is being formed. It based on the intellectual human capital, in
which connection economic growth and competitiveness of the country largely
depends on the intellectual capacity and technologies, effective institutions
and educational organizations [2].
On the one hand because of
its specificity education is a conservative social phenomenon, but on the other
it is an area of human activity, where searches for new content which is
responsible for the spirit of the time and educational needs of the individual
and society are being conducted constantly.
Professional training carried out on the principles of innovation paradigm of
education must ensure the development of personality in the process of
assimilation of knowledge, must lead to the changes and the formation of
personal qualities of future specialists. Thus, in modern society requirements
to teachers have significantly increased. It is noted that maturity of teacher
qualities such as communication skills, empathy, pedagogical tact, creativity
does not fully satisfy the demands of consumers of educational services. First
of all the process of training the teacher requires significant improvement
because it does not provide sufficient motivation, cognitive, emotional,
volitional and other professional readiness of the future to a successful
career in the modern higher educational establishment.
Secondly, it must be emphasized that the teaching profession is connected with
self-improvement and development of professional skills and personal qualities.
From this it follows that the tutor has to learn constantly, improve his
professional skills, professional competence throughout the whole period of the
professional activity. Therefore the concept of "lifelong learning"
or "learning throughout life» (lifelong learning) is realized at the
moment. Thus, to replace the traditional paradigm of education -
"education for life" comes an entirely new approach - the
"lifelong learning". However, not all the teachers understand these
trends and pay attention to their personal and professional development.
Considerable
number of publications is addressed to the issue of how to be a modern teacher.
This is probably due to the fact that being a teacher is not just a profession
consisting with translation the experience for the younger generation, the
teacher is the high mission of creation the individual, the approval of the
person. In any sphere of human activity errors are not corrected so hard as in
education. As a result of the mistakes whole generations may be in danger.
The
new education paradigm compels us to rethink the goals of education. First of
all, this is the satisfaction of the educational needs of the person, the
realization of an individual trajectory [3,4].
Professional
education system perceived changes in the form of a significant transformation
of reception to various specialties; increase of reception on specialties in
the humanities; a sharp increase in the humanitarian component of vocational
training; the introduction of step (tiered) system of primary, secondary and
tertiary education, aimed at the individualization of learning.
However, despite of the
importance of these innovations and concrete steps the problem of
individualization of education still needs to be resolved.
Modern educator has to deal with a developing human being. His professional
actions are based on knowledge of the psychology of personality, the main
approaches to understanding and
explanation of temperament, character, abilities, and development of personal
qualities in certain age periods of life. In recent years in the process of
learning mind is given more and more value. In this regard the teacher must be
a good psychologist to have always been able to find an approach to each child.
Psychology as a science and practice of entered in the life of modern man
unhesitatingly. Psychology takes prominent place in all areas of social and
cultural life - political, economic, industrial, social, law, education, arts
and sports, health.
There are three significances for modern psychology specialist: practical,
developmental and general cultural [5].
The practical significance means that psychology helps people to solve real production
problems, life difficulties, helps person to choose profession and to adapt to
both the production team and the family.
It is understood that all of the principles of public relations - humanism,
democracy, tolerance, cooperation - are based on psychological laws of human
communication, their interactions and relationships. It follows that psychology
teaches a person to communicate with supervisors, subordinates, colleagues,
relatives.
Developing value of
psychology is that by receiving psychological knowledge people apply it to
himself.
For example, when he learns about the temperament, its types, characteristics,
he is trying to determine his type, when he finds out about the kinds of
thinking, he wants to understand the characteristics of his own thinking. This
is possible not only by the basis of self-observation, but also with the help
of special psychological tools - tests and other psycho-diagnostic methods.
Cultural importance of
psychology assumes that when a person masters psychological knowledge, he
masters not only the culture of his nation but also other's one. The
achievements of modern psychology are associated with the names of not only
national but also foreign scientists and belong to all people. For example such
concepts as creativity, self-actualizing personality, psychoanalysis are known
to all educated people in our country and abroad. Man also tries these common
cultural concepts to himself and may want to become self-actualized person.
Nowadays it is being
discussed every teacher should get psychological education and psychological
training. However it is necessary to understand that the psychological
education cannot be obtained by simple summing up of various psychological
disciplines and a few hours of student practice.
For instance in the training
of students in pedagogical universities and teacher training courses it is
offered to introduce a special course called "Psychological
Anthropology" which represents the complete doctrine of human subjective
reality, his formation and development in education. And this course must be
the basis of psychological education of the subject teacher [6].
Nowadays the modular training system significantly changes teacher's functions
where the emphasis is placed on the independent work of students. The teacher
is free from routine work; active control of knowledge is replaced by
self-control. The educator pays more attention and time to motivation training,
activity promotion, personal contacts during the learning process. It is necessary
to understand that the modern teacher has to meet highest demands to his
competence.
Professional competence is considered to be the sum of key, basic and
specialized competences. Key competencies are necessary in any professional activity;
they are connected with the individual success in a rapidly changing world.
Basic competencies represent the specifics of the particular subject area of
professional activity. These are competences, based on intelligent,
communicative, emotional and volitional qualities of man. Special competences
are those skills and abilities that are related to the area of professional
activity.
The problem of psychological competence has firmly taken one of the leading
places in the research of national and foreign psychologists in recent decades
(A.K. Markova, L.M. Mitina, L.A. Petrovskaya, M.I. Lukyanova, A.V.
Brushlinskii, A.A. Bodalev, T.N. Shcherbakova, D. Raven, M. Argyle, J. Mehl, C.
Rubin, R.Hintch etc.)
Competence is understood to
mean a combination of interrelated personality qualities (knowledge, skills,
ways of life), defined in relation to a certain range of objects and processes
and necessary for the qualitative productive activity towards them, and the
competence is a possession by the person of relevant competence including his
personal attitude to it and the subject of activity.
Psychological competence is called the complex of psychological knowledge,
psychological skills and a set of socio-psychological personality
characteristics. This is integral professional and personal forming allowing a
person to solve problems of professional and personal experience
psychologically constructively.
The high level of
psychological competence allows the person to use personal resources
expediently, minimize expenses, optimize the internal and external activity,
actualize hidden features of others, predict the effects of delayed
professional activity, construct productive model of self-development.
It should be noted that the social situation of the person development evolves
inside of educational organizations. Therefore it is important to create
conditions that would encourage the active participation of the individual
student in the learning process, his interest in the mastery of knowledge,
skills and abilities [7].
Modern professional educational ideology must be built in the following way:
the student learns better and learns more in the process of self-interaction
with the professional reality and the acquisition of personal professional
experience.
In light of the specified ideology of professional education, novelty of the
teacher positions will consist to:
In light of the specified
ideology of professional education the novelty of teacher positions will
consist following topics:
- Firstly, to recognize each person as the central figure at the university
(college, school) and to build professional education based on genuine respect
to the individual professional and personal interests and needs of students;
- Secondly, to contribute enhancing personal experience of professional
activity of each student;
- Thirdly, to become for the students the supervisory assistant in the
disclosure, development and formation of their personality in professional
education.
Thus, if the public starts
to realize that the purpose of modern education is the satisfaction of the
educational needs of the individual, it must create the conditions of
transformation of education in the process of personal development.
REFERENCES
1.
Veriaskina
A.N. Teaching Humanities during current technological revolution. Perspektivy
nauki i obrazovaniia - Perspectives of science and education. 2014. no.1(7).
2.
Skobleva
E.I. Economical mechanism of mordenizing the system of higher professional
education in modern Russia: Diss. Doctor in Economical Sciences. Volgograd:
Volgograd State University, 2011. 388 p.
3.
Kapustin
A.N. Psychological and pedagogical support in forming university students’
professional competence. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovaniia – Perspectives of
science and education, 2013.
4.
Pan'kova
N.M. The mission of universities. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovaniia –
Perspectives of science and education. 2013.
5.
Fokina
I.V. Innovative aspects in teaching Psychology to ‘non-psychological’ students.
Perspektivy nauki i obrazovaniia - Perspectives of
science and education, 2014.
6.
Isaev
E.I. The theory and practice of teachers’ psychological education. Psikhologicheskii
zhurnal – Psychological Journal, 2000, V.21, no.6, pp. 56-65
7.
Fokina
I.V. Innovative aspects in teaching Psychology to ‘non-psychological’ students.
Perspektivy nauki i obrazovaniia - Perspectives of science and education, 2014.