Prof., Doctor of Agricultural Science M. Sychov

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Digestibility of Nutrients Feed in Quail According to Various Levels of Fat in Feed

It is known [3] that the character lipid metabolism in the body of the bird is conditioned by many factors, depending on their species, age [2], physiological condition, breed. However, one of the most important among them is the subject animal feeding [4]. Digestion is the first stage of metabolism.

As for the digestion of fat, this process occurs mainly in the proximal part of the small intestine, the limited hydrolysis of esters containing fatty acids with short and medium-length chains. Physiological properties of fat emulsion that enters the intestines from the stomach, changing after mixing with bile, pancreatic juice and the secrets of the small intestine. PH content of the proximal part of the small intestine, where most digestion occurs fat, increased to 5,8-6,5 [1].

Diets with different carbohydrate unequally affect the speed of advancement of the feed mass in the digestive canal [6]. Adding fat to the feed leads to a slowdown in the speed of the advance and improve food digestion of carbohydrates. [5] Similar results were obtained in determining the efficiency of different fats depending on the level of glucose in the diet. It is believed that excess quantities of energy exchange due respect to gross nonlipid intense assimilation of the diet components.

So the question digestibility of nutrients in feed quail and influence on this process at different levels of fat in the fodder is essential both theoretical and practical importance.

Material and methods research. The material for scientific and economic experiments were Pharaoh quail species. Experiments were carried out by groups analogs. The general scheme of studies presented in Table 1. According to the scheme used daily poultry age at which the principle of analogues was formed three groups: control and two experimental.

The main experiment period lasted 49 days and was divided by age into 4 sub-periods: 1-21 and 22-35, 36-42 and 43-49 days each.

Test herd of young quail kept in single-stage cellular batteries. Landing area per head was 73.5 cm², the front feeding - 1.5 cm. Irrigated bird with vacuum bowls. Options microclimate in the poultry house answered the specified requirements.

1. Scheme of the experiment

Group	Poultry at the Beginning of the Experiment, heads	The Level of Crude Fat in Feed,%
1	100	5
2	100	3
3	100	7

Subjects were young quail meat fed full-feed, balanced for all nutrients according to recommended standards.

As part of the feed for quail control and experimental groups and set the number of ingredients were unequal due to the fact that develop feed with different levels of crude fat without changing the quantitative composition of animal feed is impossible. Forage mixture prevailed in the structure of grain feed and soybean cake and meal.

The chemical composition of animal feed that was used for feeding quail control and experimental groups was diverse and came close only crude fat content (Table. 2).

2. The content of energy and essential nutrients in 100 kg of feed

Показник	Age of quaisl, days
	1–21			22–49
	Group
	1	2	3	1	2	3
ME, kcal	290,0	290,0	300,6	299,0	295,0	309,6
Crude Fat, g	5,0	3,0	7,0	5,0	3,0	7,0
Crude Fiber, g	4,2	4,2	4,2	4,29	4,29	4,29
Crude Protein, g	27,5	27,5	27,5	20,5	20,5	20,5
Linolenic acid, g	1,62	1,01	2,51	1,90	1,15	2,90
Met, g	0,65	0,65	0,66	0,46	0,44	0,46
Met+Cys, g	1,00	1,00	1,00	0,75	0,75	0,75
Lis, g	1,68	1,68	1,68	1,11	1,11	1,11
Thr,g	1,00	1,07	1,01	0,75	0,77	0,75
Try,g	0,33	0,35	0,32	0,23	0,26	0,23
Calcium, g	1,00	1,00	1,00	1,00	1,00	1,00
Phosphorus, g	0,80	0,80	0,80	0,80	0,80	0,80
Sodium, g	0,25	0,25	0,25	0,25	0,25	0,25
Vitamin A, IU	1500	1500	1500	700	700	700
Vitamin Е, mg	2,0	2,0	2,0	0,50	0,50	0,50
Vitamin D3, IU	300	300	300	150	150	150

The difference in feeding poultry control and experimental groups was determined by various levels of crude fat in the diet. Bird control (1st) group received a complete feed containing 5% crude fat. The level of crude fat in the diets of 2nd and 3rd research groups regulated by the introduction of additional feed sunflower oil, as well as changing the quantitative composition of ingredients to the total content of its consistent scheme experiment. Combined used in a dry powdery form.

Results. The data in Table 3 show that by feeding quail 2nd group feed with 3% Crude Fat digestibility coefficients of Crude Protein decreased in the first age period - by 6,9% (p <0.05), Crude Fat - by 3,6% (p <0.05); the second - by 2,7 and 6,1% (p <0.05). However, there is a tendency to lower organic matter digestibility and fiber.

3. Digestibility of nutrients%

Group	Organic Matter	Protein	Fat	Fiber	NFR
Age of 15–21-days
1	82,3±0,68	85,9±0,17	92,9±0,17	6,1±0,35	83,3±1,03
2	80,2±0,39	79,0±0,40^*	89,3±0,24^*	4,5±0,20	83,9±0,84
3	78,5±0,41	78,1±0,49^*	90,6±0,24	4,7±0,34	81,8±0,95
Age of 36–42-days
1	81,5±,36	78,5±1,02	92,4±0,94	6,1±0,17	86,5±0,72
2	80,5±0,34	75,8±1,50	86,3±0,80	5,5±0,30	86,2±0,82
3	78,0±0,98	74,2±1,22	91,5±0,49	5,1±0,26	82,7±1,05

The bird 3rd group the first age period decreased levels of protein digestibility by 7.8% and there was a trend to lower organic matter digestibility, fat, fiber and NFR.

Conclusions. So as reducing the amount of fat in compound feed from 5 to 3%, and increase its content is 7% decrease digestibility of protein and fat in young 15-21-day age on 6,1-6,9 and 2,3 3.6% respectively.

References

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