Экономические науки/2. Экономическая теория

Nurumbetova R., Ganyukova A.A.

The Karaganda state university named after E.A. Buketov

Comparative analysis of innovative economic activity of Kazakhstan and other countries

In conditions of independence and reform of Kazakhstan's economy one of the key objectives is to improve the innovation and the practical application of scientific and technological achievements, to ensure product competitiveness in the world market.

Since the adoption of the policy of industrial-innovative development in 2003, Kazakhstan at the end of 2012 peaked in the growth of the main indicators of innovation. The positive trend is largely due to the successful results of the State Program of Forced Industrial-Innovative Development of Kazakhstan till 2014.

In 2012 relative to 2003, the share of innovation active enterprises increased from 2.1% to 7.6%.

Share of innovative active enterprises, %

Source: Agency for Statistics

For comparison, the share of innovation active enterprises in the United States is about 50%, among the countries of the European Union have the highest rates of Germany (79.3%), Sweden (60%), Finland (58%). The average for European Union countries up to about 53%.

Innovative activity of enterprises, %

Source: Eurostat Pocketbooks / Science, Technology and Innovation in Europe / 2013 edition

Spending on research and development (hereinafter - R & D) is one of the main indicators of innovation at the "input".

In 2011 the leaders on this indicator were the United States (415 billion USD.), China (208.2 billion dollars.), Japan (146.5 billion US dollars.).

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development, mln tng

Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators Database, July 2013, Statistics Agency, 2013

At the same time, it should be noted the rapid growth INSIDE CAP costs on R & D in China, compared with 2008, this figure increased by 1, 7 times.

The scale of domestic spending on R & D Kazakhstan still lags behind technologically advanced countries. However, the country is experiencing growth in domestic expenditure on R & D in 2012, which amounted to 51.2 billion tenge with growth of 18.2% compared to 2011 (43.3 bln).

The highest share of domestic expenditure on R & D in GDP have Israel (4.38% of GDP), South Korea (4.03%), Finland (3.78%), Japan (3.39%). It should be noted that, according to the Strategy Europe 2020 one of the five main target indicators is to achieve an increase in spending in the EU on R & D as a percentage of GDP to 3%.

In 2011, the average for the EU-28 amounted to 1.94%, which is higher than China (1.84%). Among EU member states, one of the highest rates belong to Finland (3.78%).

The share of expenses on R & D to GDP in Kazakhstan is still low - 0.17%, but it should be born in mind that the domestic scientific system is in the process of formation and development.

Thus, the innovative development of Kazakhstan along with other factors hampered by shortage of staff capable of managing innovation processes and projects. Overall, despite some positive developments in the scientific field staff of the Science of Kazakhstan requires effective government support and incentives.