Экономические науки/14.Экономическая теория

Akhmetova A., Ganyukova A.A.

The Karaganda state university named after E.A. Buketov

Innovative mechanisms in social

economic modernization of the national economy

The message from the President of Kazakhstan marked the key directions of development for the near future. "Kazakhstan's way - 2050: The common purpose, common interests, common future" proposes a new strategy of innovative development. The main difference is a realistic, pragmatic character. It should be structured in such way to ensure the optimal combination of own and foreign scientific and technological resources.

In recent years mobilization and strengthening of the existing scientific and technological potential in the interests of industrial modernization receives much attention in Kazakhstan.

For example, the JSC "National Agency for Technological Development" (a subsidiary organization of the holding company "Baiterek") involved in the creation of venture capital funds. Kazakh-Korean, Kazakh-French, Norwegian-Kazakhstan, Kazakh-American Center for Technology Cooperation are already operating at the JSC "National Agency for Technological Development", the negotiations of the establishment of the venture fund together with the Bonn-based venture capital company High-Tech Grunderfonds (HTGF) are conducted. The Kazakh representatives work there as agents of technology transfer. They are searching for technologies and programs to train Kazakh specialists, assist in the development of joint innovation and research projects.

At the same time external factors of technological development are not engaged enough. That's why innovative mechanisms should be based on the actual level of development of our economy:

- Import of new technologies;

- Support of small and medium-sized;

- Revision of the tax and customs legislation to attract foreign technologies;

- Training representatives of small businesses in business schools;

- Participation of Kazakhstan scientists in foreign research projects;

- Education of the young generation should be aimed at the development of new areas.

Government should solve employment, housing problems, which lead to immigration of economically active, educated young people abroad.

In Kazakhstan - 2050 Strategy emphasizes the relevance to "allow investors use our mineral recourses in exchange for the creation of new industries in our country." In other words, we need to run the mechanism of exchanging "mineral recourses for technology" to transform the natural wealth of our country into sustained economic growth most effectively.

It is very significant for the Karaganda region, which combines natural recourses, industrial, scientific and technical potential. There are 62 thousand small and medium-sized businesses. Machinery, metal processing, chemical and construction industry, food and light industry factories work there.

The economic structure of Karaganda region, as in the whole Kazakhstan, characterizes by the dominance of industrial companies without sufficient number of high-tech, knowledge-intensive manufacturing.

Pragmatism requires a clear allocation of funding. Source of funding should be as public funds (through national funds), as private investment (motivation through tax and customs exemptions).

It is useful to adopt the experience of China, which since the late 70s, under the policy of "open doors", actively uses import of technologies to improve the technological autonomy and an expand its presence in the global economy. It would be very interesting to develop and modernize the construction sector, transport and communications in our region.

Pragmatism in the innovative development should include not only financial savings, but also the choice of priorities that will be most effective in the long term. In the Strategy "Kazakhstan - 2050" Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev defines 10 global challenges facing Kazakhstan, one of which is the transition of Kazakhstan to the Third Industrial Revolution. "The government which is represented by national companies should stimulate the economy of the future, including sectors, which will be result of the Third Industrial Revolution. The domestic industry needs to consume the latest composite materials that we need to produce in our country. Digital and nanotechnology, robotics, regenerative medicine, and many other advances in science will be everyday reality, changing not only the environment, but people too. Kazakhstan should be an active participant in these processes."

One the priorities should be study of nanotechnology. It can be useful in medicine, sensor technology, ecology, automotive, building materials, biotechnology, chemistry, airspace, engineering and textile industry. Application of nanotechnology products will save raw materials and energy consumption, reduce emissions and consequently will lead to sustainable development of economy.

We should realize that not using the benefits of open innovation our country can be displaced on the periphery of the global technology space. People of Kazakhstan should take active part in the innovation development of the world economy. It is the only way when our economy can become competitive.

References:

1. Strategy "Kazakhstan - 2050".

2. Aganov A. State regulation of economic activity: Lawyer. - Moscow, 1998.

3. Gurevich M.M. State regulation of the transition economy: the experience of Ukraine.- Kharkov, 1997;

4. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On public and publicly guaranteed debt and borrowing" from August 2, 1999.

5. Jeffrey Church & Roger Ware "Industrial Organization: A Strategic Approach", 2005.