Экономические науки/2. Государственное регулирование экономики

Aitisheva S., Ganyukova A.A.

The Karaganda state university named after E.A. Buketov

Use of foreign experience in regulating the economy

in the context of Kazakhstan

Transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to market economy forces us to take a closer look at the economic life in other countries. Regulation of the national social economic development is used in almost all developed countries with market economies. In connection with this interest in international experience for the Study of the State management of the economy is growing.

First of all, it must be stressed that the study and practice of scientific generalization of state regulation in other countries is not the task of its constant adaptations to our terms of social economic development. It is not possible because of the following objective reasons:

- republic different from other countries in the political, natural, economic, social, demographic, ethnic, cultural and other features;

- in the context of Kazakhstan, we are dealing with the process of the creation of the national economy and the transition from directive-planned to a market economic model, which is very difficult to find an analogy in world economic history;

- radical changes in the system of governance and management is largely taking place without proper justification and are of the "revolutionary" character, while measures on state regulation in market economies are the "product" of their evolution.

The characteristic feature of the initial period of programming in the developed capitalist countries was the principle of cross-sectoral approach to economic management. In France, Sweden, Japan, Germany and other countries developed multi-sectoral program covers all the crucial sectors of the economy and plays an important and basic role in predicting its growth as a whole. But the implementation of these programs testified that requires greater activity of the state of inter-agency coordination. Therefore, in the United States territorial offices of the central management of the economy were created.

Using the positive foreign experience of public administration in terms of social economic system of Kazakhstan will be significantly hampered if unrecorded while two its main features: 1) after the collapse of the USSR as a single state receiving the Republican political and economic radically new content acquired the questions of formation and implementation of foreign policy, objectively focused on achieving and maintaining its economic independence; 2) in the world economic history has been unique to what happened in 1992 and 1997. In Kazakhstan the transition from the highly centralized planning model, characterized by a complete lack of economic and political independence to the market economic model, where the latter mechanisms may operate only in conditions of economic liberalization (within reason), and the development of competition among market agents. The existing experience shows that ignoring these features often leads to bad decisions, the implementation of which causes society economically and socially psychological harm.

Economic practice irrefutably convinces also in high efficiency flexible tax system, which is "born" to stimulate the growth of production of goods (services) and by the activity of entrepreneurs and businessmen, aimed at increasing the export potential of the country. So far in our country is selected in this area rigid system, discourages from legal entities and individuals engaged in production activities. In spring 1997, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan issued a number of decrees, laws on state support of entrepreneurship and small business in the industrial sector. The winter of 2011 was adopted by the so-called "Employment Program 2020", in which entrepreneurs, including potential who plan to organize new workplaces (most importantly), have the right to obtain preferential microcredit and learning the basics of doing business. The loan amount is limited to 3 million tenge, and its term is 5 years. Thus, small business in Kazakhstan is supported through a large government program to overcome unemployment. Another thing is that the allocated money will be very fast, even on favorable terms, but to give that creates young business rather difficult conditions of existence.

Certain interest and used abroad pricing mechanism (especially for agricultural products). In general, the regulation of prices for agricultural products is constructed in such a way that the primary care sector was guaranteed a minimum level of income and profits. As the experience of other countries, in the circumstances of the exit from the crisis greatly increases government control over price formation and the level of prices, especially for consumer goods. In the meantime, we are going the other way: the liberalization of prices in the presence of monopolies in the production and sale of many kinds as a means of production and consumer goods, as well as ignoring the subsidization of agriculture as a branch of material production in general. Such neglect left and out of sight of the government questions of prices and pricing for the products of the agricultural sector, which generates about one third of the GNP of the country.

References:

1. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On public and publicly guaranteed debt and borrowing" from August 2, 1999.

2. The concept of scientific and technical policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 12, №1059, 2000.

3. Mamyrov N., J. Ihdanov State regulation of the economy in the context of Kazakhstan (theory, experience, problems). - Almaty, 1998. p. 62-69

4. State regulation of the market economy. Under edition of prof. V.I.Kushlina and prof. N.A.Volgina. - Moscow, 2000.

5. State regulation of the market economy. Edited by R.P. Petrova. - St. Petersburg, 1999.

6. Aganov A. State regulation of economic activity: Lawyer. - Moscow, 1998.

7. Gurevich M.M. State regulation of the transition economy: the experience of Ukraine. - Kharkov, 1997.

8. Alimbaev A.A. State regulation of economy: Textbook. - Almaty, 1999.