Bekzhigitova Z.S., Ismaganbetova A.B., Rymkul N.E.

Y.A. Buketov Karaganda State University

Unemployment problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan

High unemployment rate in combination with untimely payments of pensions and salaries is caused mainly by economy problems, lack of the financial capital and weak strategy in their decision. Absence of effective programs of reforming of agrarian and social sectors (health care, education, science, etc.) and to reduction of budgetary appropriations in emergency conditions of a transition period was led to deterioration of a state and stagnation of these vital spheres.

As reported the statistically agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the number of the unemployed in Kazakhstan in November 2015 was 488,5 thousand people, unemployment rate was 5,8% (in October – 5,8%).

According to statistical data for the end of November in the Ministry of the population’s Labour and Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan’s labor office were officially registered 44,2 thousand people (without the faces included in participants’ structure of "A road map of employment-2020"). The share of the registered unemployed was 0,5% of economically active population (in November, 2014 was 0,5%).

By the assessment, the level of the hidden unemployment in the reporting period was 0,5% of economically active population.

In the Republic of Kazakhstan’s economy in November of this year 8,6 million people were occupied. Rather similar period of last year their number increased by 117,1 thousand people, or for 1,4%. The number of hired workers were 6 million people (69,5% of total number of occupied).

It is clear that one of the most difficult problems is youth unemployment. The growth of youth population’s unemployment sharply reduces attention value of Kazakhstan that is why impose young generation to go abroad.

So, what consists the true reasons mass (hidden, informal) unemployment in the Republic of Kazakhstan:

1. Many sin on education that educational institutions (higher education institutions, colleges, technical training college) began to prepare unskilled workers therefore graduates can't find work. But not everything is so simple. It is possible to agree that educational institutions train theorists, without paying attention to practice, but not everything depends on them. There is no consciousness at students, they don't know than will be engaged (what work to perform) after receiving specialty (qualification). Here also it turns out that the university graduate having found work understands that it not that business in which students would like to be engaged all life, and goes consciously again to higher education institution to get second higher education (for example, the accountant understands that student should sit the whole day at the computer). There are many educational institutions which simply stamp low-quality experts and branches of educational institutions, existence at them of extension department, corruption in them, thereby discrediting the status "Higher education". Thus, the possession of the diploma about the higher education (though red) doesn't guarantee that the graduator will find work (though any, even not in the specialty).

Also parents don't allow full age children to become independent, don't allow to work part time (to earn additionally) during study in higher education institution, etc.

2. After all we receive echoes of the 90th years crisis of the last century when parents got under reductions, they didn't receive a salary in time therefore they were compelled to go to be engaged in own business, to trade in the market. Therefore they can't help to find to the children after the end of study work since don't work in the specialty, the continuity was broken.

3. Employers. Quickly changing world, high rate of life, technology, the competition, compel employers to direct initially on optimization of the personnel, high productivity and efficiency, forgetting about moral obligations. Therefore they don't want to take for work of people after 40 years, women (because they can go to the maternity leave), and gather inexperienced (majority of illiterate) young people, exploit from them, give them the sack without problems under the invented reason, give people the sack who often leave on hospital.

4. The last main reason is a need for these or those experts in labor market. At entrants (young people) moral values sharply changed on the material values. All of them want nothing to do and to receive for it big money, to become big chiefs (to instruct others what to do and how to do). Therefore they choose prestigious specialties, such as customs affairs, banking, finance and the credit, economy and management, translation major, the legal right, but labor market it is oversaturated by workers of this specialization long ago. In total who didn't arrive on prestigious specialties, arrive on medical, pedagogical specialties and start coming off on our children at schools, trying to break rage that they have such small salary. There are of course people who go on calling to these spheres of life.

For preventing this problem, exiting from a crisis situation and rise of production requires we need active participation of the state. If the state isn't engaged in it who will rise the economy? But the state has to limit moderately the influence. How? It is simple to encourage domestic producer. Our organizations and the enterprises now smother huge taxes because of what, and costs for production increase – that compels enterprises’ reduce the number of the personnel. The problem of lack of scientific and technical achievements can be solved by active financing in the field of scientific development. The national Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Satpayev at the moment has excellent workers who are appreciated even abroad, but for some reason our government closed eyes to their problems. Many other smaller research institutes have also one problem – lack of resources, and how many it would be possible to reach if provided them a freedom of action.

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