Sh.K.
Òuleubayeva, N. Amangeldin
1Senior teacher, master, 2student
Buketov Karaganda State
University, Karaganda
Banking system of the
Republic of Kazakhstan
The banking
system is a collection of different kinds of national banks and credit institutions
operating under a common monetary mechanism. The banking system includes
central bank, a network of commercial banks and other credit and computational
centers. The central bank conducts the state emission and monetary policy, is
the core of the backup system. Commercial banks perform all types of banking
operations [1].
The banking system is defined as a set of participants
in the monetary market - commercial and specialized banks, non-bank
institutions performing deposit, lending and payment transactions, and
operating under a common monetary mechanism.
The blocks and elements form a unity, reflecting the
specificity of a speaking and media properties. The banking system has a number
of features: has specific properties;
acts as a single unit; it is dynamic; serves as a closed type system; has the
character of a self-regulating system; a managed system.
The system can not include other entities that operate
in the market and are subject to fulfillment of other purposes. The specifics
of the banking system is determined by its elements and the relations
developing between them. The essence of the banking system affects the
composition and nature of its elements.
Types of banking systems: Distribution centralized
banking system; market the banking system; system transition.
In countries with developed market economies have
developed two-tier banking system. The upper level of the system is represented
by the central (issuing) bank. On the lower level are the commercial banks,
subdivided into universal and specialized banks (investment banks, savings
banks, mortgage banks, consumer credit banks, branch banks, bank-internal).
The banking system does not include non-bank financial
institutions (investment companies, investment funds, insurance companies,
pension funds, pawnshops, trust companies). These institutions are part of a
general category - financial institutions.
The concept of "banking
system" includes a set of components, sufficient element forming a certain
integrity, interaction elements.
The banking system can not include production and
non-agricultural enterprises and organizations engaged in another kind of
activity.
The specifics of the banking system is determined by
its constituent elements and relations developing between them. The practice
knows several types of the banking system: Distribution centralized banking
system; Market's banking system; system transition.
The banking system is characterized by the absence of
a market-led state monopoly on banks. Each subject of the reproduction of
various forms of property (not just the state) can form the bank. In a market
economy operates the plurality of banks with a decentralized management system.
Issuing and lending function to share them with each other. The emission is
concentrated in the central bank, lending to businesses and households carry a
variety of business banks - commercial, investment, innovation, mortgages,
savings, etc. Business banks are not liable for the obligations of the state,
as well as the state is not responsible for the liabilities of business banks.;
business banks subject to their advice, the decision of the shareholders, not
the administration of the State.
The Bank's policy in each case will be uneven.
Determination of the bank objectives as an indispensable attribute of banking
activities, if it is not going to work in darkness, blind, nevertheless does
not exhaust the matter. The strategy as a science, there a number of practical
activities, ensuring its implementation, involves the introduction of
management tools and the creation of a favorable climate. The strategy should
take into account the external conditions of banking activities, to determine
the result of which the bank aims to achieve. We can say that the strategy is
like a part of the system element to the success of banking activities.
The purpose of a commercial bank is determined from
the position of its profitability, profitability, balance sheet structure,
directions of its activity (deposit policy, the policy on the financial market,
in the field of credit and loan interest etc.). In each case, may be the common
goals (for the whole bank in the future) and private purpose formed as an
ongoing problem. The combination of strategic goals and operational objectives,
a combination of strategic and current planning allows commercial banks to
avoid failures in their work, more fully realize their interest in the world of
commerce.
Commercial banks have an important role in the economy of
any country. They perform a very important role in the economy. Without economy
bank itself would not exist.
Sources:
1. Kosterina T. M.
Book of
"Banking"
2. Sukhanov S.E. -
Bank Policy
3. http://www.grandars.ru/student/bankovskoe-delo/ponyatie-bs.html