Сельское хозяйство/1, Организация сельскохозяйственного производства

Doctor of agricultural sciences Tagirov H.H., candidate of agricultural sciences Vagapov F.F., candidate of biological sciences Gizatova N.V.

Bashkir State Agrarian University, Russia

Quality of tanning raw material when feeding to probiotic gobies

At present, the domestic leather industry, along with the extensive use of various kinds of leatherette, is in short supply in heavy leather raw materials. Therefore, intensive cultivation of young cattle to high weight conditions is an important reserve for increasing the quantity and quality of hides. In this regard, the receipt of high-quality leather raw materials in the required quantity is of greater economic importance [1, P. 237].

It is known that there is a direct correlation dependence between the general development of the animal's organism and the skin. With the increase in the live weight of young cattle, the weight of the skin, its size and quality characteristics increase [2, P. 203].

In accordance with the requirements of the current GOST 1134-73 skins of cattle are divided into light - weight 13-17 kg, medium - 18-25 kg and heavy - over 25 kg.

The purpose of skins, that is, the suitability for the development of a certain type of skin, is due to their commodity-technological properties, which are characterized by mass, area and thickness in different topographic areas.

The obtained data indicate that at the slaughter of the bulls of all groups, the tannin raw material of grade I was obtained, which significantly exceeds the mass requirements of the standard for heavy leather raw materials (Table 1).

Table 1 - Characteristics of tanning stock of bull-calves ()

Index	Group
	I	II	III	IV
Prefabricated live weight, kg	475,2±8,17	499,1±6,28	510,8±9,03	502,4±2,28
Weight of a pair of skins, kg	36,2±1,16	38,4±1,12	40,1±1,23	38,9±1,20
% to pre-bast mass	7,62	7,69	7,85	7,74
Skin length, dm	20,4±0,49	21,8±0,37	22,9±0,38	22,0±0,42
Width of skin, dm	18,6±0,46	19,0±0,25	19,6±0,30	19,2±0,33
Skin area, dm^2	379,4±18,02	414,2±12,30	448,8±11,90	422,4±14,20
Thickness of a skin, mm on the elbow	3,2±0,27	3,3±0,14	3,6±0,19	3,4±0,14
on the middle of the last rib	5,6±0,20	5,8±0,15	6,1±0,10	6,0±0,15
on the makloke	6,0±0,13	6,2±0,08	6,4±0,14	6,3±0,11

Thus, in bulls I (control) group this excess of requirements of GOST by weight is 11,2 kg (30,9%). Group II - 13,4 kg (34,9%), III group - 15,1 kg (37 , 6%), group IV-13,9 kg (35,7%). Moreover, the gobies of the experimental groups exceeded the peer group I (control) group by the skin weight by 2,2 - 3,9 kg (6,1-10,8%), higher in the juveniles of the II - IV groups and the skin yield. This advantage of gobies of experimental groups over peers I (control) group in terms of the value of the studied indicator was 0,07 - 0,23%.

Because of the greater length and breadth of the hide in the gobies of the experimental groups, they surpassed the peer group I (control) group by its area. This advantage in favor of the youngest group II was 34,8 dm² (9,2%), group III - 89,4 dm² (18,3%), IV group - 43,0 dm² (11,3%). The bulls of the III experimental group differed in the maximum value of the studied indicator, their superiority over the group II peers was 34,6 dm² (8,3%), analogues of the IV group - 26,4 dm² (6,3%).

By determining the thickness of the skin in various topographic areas, it was found that its maximum value was observed on the mackle, the minimum on the elbow, and the thickness indices on the rib occupied intermediate positions. In this case, the bulls of the I (control) group in all cases were inferior to the peers of the experimental groups in terms of the magnitude of the indicator studied. Suffice it to say that the advantage of the youngest group II-IV over the gobies I (control) group over the thickness of the skin on the elbow was 0,1-0,4 mm (3,1-12,5%), in the middle of the last rib - by 0, 2-0,5 mm (3,6-8,9%), on the maklok - 0,2-0,4 mm (3,3-6,7%). The maximum thickness of the skin in all topographic areas were the bulls of the III experimental group. Their advantage over peers of groups II and IV on the thickness of the skin on the elbow was 0,3 mm (9,1%) and 0,2 mm (5,9%), the thickness at the middle of the last rib - 0,3 mm (5,1 %) and 0,1 mm (1,7%), maklok 0,2 mm (3,2%) and 0,1 mm (1,6%).

Consequently, the intensive growing and fattening of young black-motley breeds using the probiotic fodder additive Biogumitel makes it possible, at 18 months of age, to obtain high-quality tanning raw materials characterized by commodity-technological properties that make it possible to widely use it for the production of a wide range of leather products and in technical purposes [3, P. 252].

Literature:

1. Chernenkov, E.N. IMPROVEMENT OF MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF RABBITS AT USE OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE "BIOGUMITEL" / E.N. Chernenkov, A.Ya. Gizatov // in the collection: Scientific provision of agroindustrial complex. Results and prospects Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy. 2013. P. 237-240.

2. Chernenkov, E.N. INFLUENCE OF THE PROBIOTIC BIOGUMTI ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF RABBITS / E.N. Chernenkov, I.V. Mironova, A.Ya. // Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2015. No. 3 (53). Pp. 203-205.

3. Zubairova, L.A. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF PROCESSING MEAT RAW MATERIAL IN MEAT PRODUCTION / L.A. Zubairova, A.Ya. Gizatov // in the collection: Youth Science and Agroindustrial Complex: Problems and Perspectives of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists and Post-Graduate Students. 2008. P. 252-254.