Sh.K. Тuleubayeva, I.A.Makhnyova
Buketov Karaganda State
University, Karaganda
The
relationship between level of knowledge about the cosmos with human life
The last 50 years have made a considerable
contribution to space exploration. But what is 50 years compared to millennia?!
And even do not have to argue that the man is still a tremendous work in
exploration, but also the work that has already been done, gives a lot of
possibilities. And in human life is clearly visible dependence on the degree of
research space. The exploration of space began with the most ancient times,
when one only learned to count by the stars, pointing out constellations and
giving them names. And only just four years ago, after the invention of the
telescope, astronomy began to develop rapidly, bringing in science and human
life all new discoveries and new opportunities. You might ask: "What can
science ordinary glass prism?". Actually very much, if she is in the right
hands! Such was the hands of Isaac Newton, the great scientist, who made an
immense contribution to the development of physics and, consequently, in the
life of a person. Newton not only invented the first spectroscope and used it
to study celestial objects. Essentially a spectroscope – an instrument for
spectral analysis. Using a fluorescence eyepiece visually on the UV spectrum,
using electron-optical Converter – the near infrared region of the spectrum.
Even the simplest spectroscope allows you to explore the light and get an idea
of its components [1].
The creation of a spectroscope are the first steps in
a new astronomy. Of course, the spectroscope was not the only tool, taken into
service by the astronomers of the XVII-XVIII centuries. But to diminish the
merit of this tool is not: for example, helium was first discovered on the Sun,
with the help of the spectroscope, and only then, scientists have found this
chemical element on Earth! It's safe to say that without the spectroscope would
not be astronomy, not only on its current level, but also at the level of many
discoveries of the eighteenth century! Nowadays every educated person needs to
know what the space is, and to have an idea about what is happening in space
processes. Let's try to answer the question "What is space?". This
question can be answered from a scientific point of view and from the point of
view of philosophy. Cosmos (gr. κόσμος, lat. mundus) – the concept of ancient Greek
philosophy and culture, understanding of the natural world as a plastically
orderly harmonious whole. The ancient Greeks contrasted cosmos out of chaos.
From a scientific point of view there is no specific definition since the
concept of "space" at first included not only the world of the
heavenly bodies, but all of what we encounter on the surface of the Earth.
Sometimes the space only understand the planetary system surrounding the Sun.
But most often under the space to understand the Universe, considered as a
single whole, subject to the General laws. Hence the name of cosmology – the
science that tries to find the laws of the formation and evolution of the
Universe as a whole. Thus, in the names of "cosmogony" and
"cosmology" space is understood in different ways [1]. Space exploration
on a global scale is the sum of many projects undertaken by national and
international. But it also shows a collective desire to find answers to deep
scientific questions, to create new economic opportunity and to expand the
boundaries of human life beyond Earth.
One of the clearest examples of the influence of the
level of knowledge about the cosmos to human life is the Mars One project,
which is a flight to Mars with the subsequent Foundation of the colony on its
surface and broadcast all events on television. Connection is planned with the
help of satellites located in orbit around the Sun, Mars and Earth. Media
components will indeed play a huge role in the development of the Mars One
project. Be broadcast will be not only the selection and training of the
colonists, but all subsequent phases of the project, including life in prison.
This project is scheduled to start colonization of
Mars in 2027, sending every year a crew of four people. The project has
received the support of the largest aerospace companies has grown, including
Space X, which recently launched the first private spacecraft to the ISS, which
is also quite important in the life and development of mankind [2]. This
project gives you the opportunity to expand the territory of human habitation
and give people the confidence that in case of global catastrophes on Earth,
they will be where to relocate and continue the existence of mankind. Space
research provide new knowledge about the Solar system, relationships of the
biosphere of the Earth with the vast Universe around.
The nearest and most accessible research in the area
of outer space near-earth space. With this began the exploration people, hosted
the first missile and ran track the first artificial satellites of the
Earth.Sputnik-1 was the first artificial Earth satellite, Soviet spacecraft,
launched into orbit on 4 October 1957.On the creation of an artificial
satellite of the Earth, led by the founder of practical cosmonautics S. P.
Korolev, worked as scientists M. V. Keldysh, M. K. Tikhonravov, N. S.
Lidorenko, G. Yu. Maximov, V. I. Lapko, B. S. Chekunov, A.V. Bukhtiyarov, and
many others [1].Launch date is considered the beginning of space era of
mankind.
The results of the launch of Sputnik 1 gave a serious
impetus to the development of the modern Internet. Due to the successful launch
of Sputnik 1, the U.S. Department of defense forced the development of a
telecommunication network with packet switching ARPANET (computer network
created in 1969), the basis of the network were taken from the ideas of Paul
Baran, who was initially rejected by AT&T (one of the largest American
telecommunications companies) as impossible to implement. Interestingly, partly
due to the launch of Sputnik 1, it was created the Agency for future defence research
development USA, which is responsible for the development of new technologies
[3]. After the launch of the Soviet artificial satellite in 1957 was the
beginning of the great challenges of space exploration, which at the time was
considered an unattainable dream. Scientific trial runs, when the satellites
were placed various living organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, improved
spacecraft and to adapt them to the human body. And flights to the famous space
dogs Belka and Strelka led to stabilization of reverse slope. All went to the
preparation of the momentous occasion of sending people into space. In 1961 on
12 April the East carried into orbit the first ever cosmonaut – Yuri Gagarin.
Pilot communications channels after a few minutes of rotation indicated that
all processes were normal. The flight lasted 108 minutes. 108 minutes, 1 hour
48 minutes! During this time Gagarin took reports from the Ground, led the
logbook and radio report, monitored the readings of onboard systems, carried
out manual control and you can say "moved" the human race forward, to
get acquainted with the space.
After the first successes for the study of the moon
(first hard landing of the probe on the surface of the first fly-around to
photograph the invisible with the Earth back), the scientists and designers of
the USSR and the USA engaged in a "moon race", objectively there was
a new problem. It was necessary to provide a soft landing of a research probe
on the lunar surface and to learn to derive its orbit in artificial satellites.
The crew of the first lunar expedition consisted of astronauts Neil Armstrong,
Edwin Aldrin m Collins. The spacecraft Apollo 11 went in flight on July 16,
1969. A giant three-stage rocket Saturn V worked flawlessly, and Apollo 11 went
to the moon. On reaching the lunar orbit, it was divided into the orbital
module Columbia and lunar module Eagle, manned by astronauts Armstrong and
Aldrin. On 20 July he prisoners in the South-West of the Sea of Tranquility.
Space exploration enriches and strengthens humanity's
future. So thanks to artificial satellites, we are able to use the elements of
global communication, telecommunication systems, navigation systems, weather
prediction and a new detection system for space objects that threaten the earth
from a collision with them. People feel pride and confidence when reading about
astronomical discoveries – if we are able to explore worlds that are hundreds
of light years, and to speculate about the origin of the Universe, then the
power of man, no doubt.
Список использованной
литературы.
1. Первая космическая (сборник
статей, посвященных 50-летию начала космической эры) / составитель О. В.
Закутняя. — М., 2007
2.
Пилотируемая экспедиция на Марс / Под ред. А.
С. Коротеева. — М.: Российская академия космонавтики им.
К. Э. Циолковского, 2006.
3. «Испытание
ракетно-космической техники - дело моей жизни» События и факты — А.
И. Осташев, Королев, 2001 г.