Abdulyna
A.
Methodology
for conducting educational practice of Folklore
One of
the basic courses in the curriculum of training in philology - folklore or oral
folk arts, in a development plan that includes the material of the general
theory of the subject (lectures), practical exercises (analysis of texts and
research) and study folklore practice, the third, the final step in the study
of discipline "Russian oral folk poetry."
Folk
practice as an important part of the fundamental content of educational and
independent scientific work of students of the first course, has its own
specifics, implementing immediate task of deepening and expanding knowledge on
oral folklore, received at lectures and practical classes. In the process of communication with native
oral tradition, students get acquainted with the living of folklore, acquire
skills collecting work, acquire practical skills in preparation for the
publication of folk records, get an idea of the archival storage of records of
folklore and their initial postprocessing.
Specifics of the
practice depends on the region where the planned cycle of the basic work, the
aim of which is to establish the identity and patterns of folklore, artistic
essence works of oral poetry in their living existence, methods of collecting
scientific and practical work of folklore. [1] Its
specificity is the work in an urban environment, where I came from, as a rule,
most of the students takes place and where the main front of the practice. This
article describes a technique of practical research particularly in urban
environments.
Analysis of the
material recorded in different regions of Kazakhstan, it is important and
timely, as it enables a comprehensive study contemporary processes and
historical patterns in the oral tradition, the general typological and specific
features of modern folklore. Participation
in the implementation of the tasks of the future experts in the field of
humanities undoubtedly enhances productivity research undertaken.
Educational practice
of students of the Kazakh National University carried out on the territory of
the republic, in the vicinity of the city of Almaty and its suburbs, and the
place of residence of trainees. In addition, it provides bibliographic form of
the plan in practice local history museums, archives, libraries.
On the territory of Kazakhstan identified
ethno-cultural regions with a pronounced specificity existence of oral
folklore, which is apparent in the character of the different stratifications
of poetic traditions brought by settlers (Cossacks, peasants, Ukrainian,
Belarusian influence with elements of a foreign environment of existence). [2,
6]
History the Semirechye
region, in the area which are mainly carried out exploratory visits and direct
work with native Eastern Slavic folklore, is the factor that determines the
immediate tasks of the survey: to teach students to communicate with native
folk traditions, methods of collection and analysis of oral works; definition
of the specific characteristics of the folklore of the region in its modern
existence, to fix theoretical knowledge on oral folklore. As a result of the practice students need to learn the general
theoretical and methodological issues, to be able to organize independent work
in the course of practice. [3, 5] The student should know the specifics of the
field of folklore studies and work with native folklore; be able to write,
attributing the works of oral poetry, to identify their genre originality, to
determine the degree of preservation and destruction of folk tradition; gain
knowledge of cultural and educational plan to complement the theoretical course
of Russian oral folk art.
Practical
work includes the following highlights. For orientation in the terrain mapping-scheme
of the settlement, produced safety and ethics. It is imperative to introduce a
story, saying, economy and culture of the settlement, the identification of the
conditions of existence of folklore, with the best performers familiar fairy
tales, songs, limericks, and others Genres. In the early days of practice
established contact with local social authorities, teachers, librarians, and
club museum workers, leaders of amateur, is a great help in the organization,
identifying the best songwriters, performers, known activists and lovers of
folklore. Carrying records
folklore carried out according to the waste at seminars technique is
recommended prior familiarity with the informants; record data on them in the
form of a passport with the necessary particulars.
Audio
and video recording of folklore is made as needed and also has a system of
methodological principles. The recorded material at the end of the day stands:
if there is audio version is transferred from the tape to the paper, rewritten Anew
day meeting with the informant. If you are recording a number of trainees, the
fragments are consolidated in one text. Mandatory requirement - the accuracy of
the record: not allowed omissions, modifications, additions, text, reflecting
the peculiarities of dialect or dialects.
Development of methods for
collecting works in the city should begin with an introduction to the
traditions of the city, with the history of its formation, thus there is a
mastery of skills systematization and classification of diverse cultural
material, familiarization with the infrastructure and the characteristics of
different sectors of the population, with the genre of urban folk and urban
traditions. The system of genres includes legends, traditions, urban romance, weddings,
funerals, family gatherings, feasts traditions, birthday traditions, calendar
holidays. Attention should be paid trainees examples of mythologizing and
labeling of city space to allocate significant loci who purchase support poetic
reflection in the traditions of the buildings, monuments, cemeteries, areas
(central and suburban), in the same context it is interesting unofficial names
of urban spaces "memory", toponymic legends.
Head Consultant
should focus trainees to record and systematize the traditions of individual
urban contact groups (pensioners, tourists, students, doctors, and others.),
While paying attention to the active or passive forms of existence of
initiation rituals, traditions, drawing novice, songs, toasts, jokes , true
stories, omens, anecdotes, professional calendar, highlighting the traditional
folklore genres: puzzle, omens, charms, limericks and most popular genre - the
songs. One way of kits according to the plan is the
practice of fixing and systematization of the genre found in manuscript
collections, prevailing in the urban environment.
This handwritten songbooks,
notebooks with records of favorite works for personal use, army or student
albums and notebooks, Maiden albums. As
a rule, they presented a varied repertoire: amateur poetry, divination, omens,
anecdotes, true stories, greetings, wishes, toasts, songs, jokes, aphorisms,
album games and dialogues, and much more.
Of
particular interest is the future teachers should call the work with children
and teenagers. Recording and systematization of children's urban folklore can
be organized in the school (in the summer - in the school camps), in the
courts, in interest groups where there are active forms of games (mobile, role,
intellectual). From the perspective of genre diversity of children's urban
folklore presented patters, teasers, true stories, traditions receiving
newcomers to the group, jokes, anecdotes, renderings read, poems, songs,
limericks, rhymes.
Thus, trainees will learn in more detail in the context of urban folk
culture while to identify the main features of modern urban folklore:
polycentric socio-cultural, functional marginality, focus on literary and
cultural patterns and folk versions.
One of the features is highlighting not ceremonial and entertainment forms.
In this context, it should be stressed, and specifically noted the active trend
for processing, refining, change, parody and other forms of creative
transformation of the famous works of folk origin.
Handling and operation texts precursor occurs in the range from a simple
play with small adjustments to the multi-level transformation. Of interest to
compile a picture of the active dynamics of folklore such manifestations as
aphoristics typical communicative situations, comic reworking of the traditional
cliches and proverbs to create comic situations, the use of pseudo-citations in
the pseudo-etymological games. Pay attention to the counter-cultural and
subcultural nature of some manifestations of urban folklore. [4, 8]
The main outcome of the folk practices are deposited in the archives of
the department and decorated appropriately recording folklore texts, diary and
a report on the work done, based on presented qualitative and quantitative
characteristics of the collected materials, personal experience of the work,
comments and suggestions.
In the Kazakh National
University, each student has a page on the website of the faculty, where there
is a control and documentation of trainee intake. Making materials in
electronic form, a student at the same time making a data network unit, where
there is a monitoring and reduction through the practice of head, viewing the
results and characteristics of the student's head of the Department and the
Commission for Reception Reports practices from among the committee members -
teachers and trainers of the department or faculty, approval and production
rating score recorded in a statement for the approval of the dean of the
faculty, which subsequently taken into account for transfer students on the
next course of the educational program.
As a result of practices carried out the final conference, which
announced the results of each trainee, marked the most productive participants
summed up the results and ranking information is disclosed. Subsequently, the
material collected by the students, can be used in teaching and in scientific
terms. This experience was tested in various forms of scientific research and
educational work until the publication of a collection of texts, scientific
papers, theses and monographs, thus confirming the appropriateness and
relevance of this type of learning activity. [5]
Literature
1. Bagizbaeva
M., Abdullina A. Seminars, independent
work and folkloric practice on the course "Russian oral folk arts" //
Guidelines for first-year students of the Faculty of Philology. – Almaty, 1997
2. Abdulina A.
Historical fate of folk poetry in the regional aspect (based on Russian
folklore of Kazakhstan). – Almaty, 1996
3. Actual problems
of the field of folklore. – Moscow, Moscow State University, Vol. 1. 2002
4. Actual problems
of the field of folklore. – Moscow, Moscow State University, Vol. 2, 2003
5. Bagizbaeva M.
Russian folklore of East Kazakhstan. - Almaty, 1991; Abdulina A. Historical
fate of folk poetry in the regional aspect (based on Russian folklore of
Kazakhstan). - Almaty, 1996; Abisheva O. Not ritual songs of poetry in Russian folklore of East Kazakhstan. //
Diss ... cand. filol. Sciences. - Alma-Ata, 1989, and others.