Agriculture/ Agriculture, pedology and agricultural chemistry

candidates of agricultural sciences Kunypiyaeva G.T and Malimbaeva A.D., master's degree Zhanbyrbaeva A.Sh.

Kazakh research institute of agriculture and plant-growing, Kazakh national agrarian university, Kazakhstan

METHODS OF SOWING AND NORM OF SOWING OF SEED OF WINTER WHEAT

At present, the cultivation of high-yielding varieties of winter wheat in irrigated areas pay special attention to optimizing the row spacing and seeding rate. This is due to the fact that in a sufficiently viscosified seeding of winter wheat because of the small amount of moisture and nutrients, as well as in connection with the lodging of plants the yield is reduced.

Scientists CIMMIT, working with Mexican researchers and farmers in the northwest of Mexico, have developed a system of irrigated raised bed seeding method, which is used for the cultivation of wheat and other crops, growing alternately with wheat, including cotton, corn, soybeans, winter crops such as chickpeas.

According to, the main advantage of the raised bed wheat seeding method is to improve the water-air regime of the soil, which helps to optimize the formative processes, accelerated growth and development of plants in the crops. In using the raised bed method of grain crops cultivation there is observed the intense sprouting through to the soil warming. This technology makes it easier to enter fertilizers in the form of additional fertilizing and carrying out of measures to protect the wheat from diseases and pests. The experiments carried out in different soil and climatic conditions, showed that raised bed technology of wheat cultivation can provide yield increasing to 10-15%. It also helps to reduce weed vegetation in crops and improve soil fertility. Raised bed technology has found wide disseminated to countries such as Mexico, Turkey, India, Pakistan, Iran and China.

Researchers conducted at the NPCAPG during 2001-2004 the high efficiency of energy-saving raised bed technologies of winter wheat cultivation was shown, that based on the minimization of technological operations at the main soil preparation and care of the crops. This technique involves seeding on raised beds with two-line method by simultaneous entering of phosphorus fertilizers. Water loading irrigation is carried out immediately after sowing of winter wheat and in 4-6 days we receive the seedlings.

The purpose of research - determination of optimal methods of sowing and norms of seeding of winter wheat varieties under irrigated conditions southeast of Kazakhstan.

In researched winter wheat varieties there is found the highest yield on the average for three years was observed in Almaly variety in raised two-line method of seeding with a seeding rate of 1.5 mln. pcs/ha where the yield was 58.3 kg/ha, or 9.3 t/ha as compared with the above ordinary seeding method. For Erythrospermum 350 variety effective was raised bed with two-line sowing with seeding rate of 2.5 mln. pcs/h, and for a Zhetisu variety raised bed two-line method of sowing with a seeding rate of 3.5 mln. pcs/h where the yield was 55.6 t/ha and 53.2 t/ha. Steklovidnaya 24 provided the highest yield of 54.5 q/ha at seeding wise raised bed method with a seeding rate of 4.0 mln. pcs/h. In general, four types of yield increase compared to the ordinary way seeding amounted to 10.5 t / ha.

In such a way the research results show the high efficiency of the raised bed winter wheat varieties seeding method in comparison with the ordinary way of sowing. In this case, the best sowing way is a two-line seeding in ridges. Optimum seeding rate for winter wheat varieties was 1.5-3.5 mln. pcs/h, depending on the biological characteristics of cultivated varieties. The formation of the value of the crop raised bed seeding method is mainly due to the increase of productive tillering and graining of the spike.