Korovaiko Irina Vladimirovna, candidate of Pedagogical Sciences

Burumbayeva Aliya, master

Pavlodar State University named after S. Toraigyrov

 

The Issue of Formation of Value Family Orientations among Young People

 

 

Annotation: The article describes the issue of formation of value family orientations among young people. It provides survey results among students for whom family and marriage represent life values.

 

Key words: family, marriage, family and matrimonial relationships, readiness of youth to create a family, psychological readiness to create a family, social and moral readiness to family life, legal marriage, civil marriage, guest marriage.

 

The issue of family, its preservation and fortification presently takes important place among the social problems. The number of divorces is increasing, birthrate is decreasing, and the number of illegitimate children, children living in incomplete families is increasing, as the number of crimes related to family abuse. At present it is noted that regulatory impact of family behavior rules and standards earlier established and fixed in public consciousness has considerably weakened.

Strengthening of negative processes in family and matrimonial relationships is largely connected with special social settings and motives formed among young people quite recently under the influence of changed social conditions and standards. Marriage and family in some people’s mind is becoming more the means of satisfaction of needs in intimate and informal socializing. Preparing of young people to family life, formation of adequate visions of a family and marriage in conditions of the existing critical situation in demographical area is a significant issue and a vital nationwide problem.

 In modern Kazakhstan considerable attention is paid to fortification of the institution of the family and marriage. The “Kazakhstan-2030” message of our President, N.A. Nazarbaev assigns a high priority to efficient demographical policy in family’s support. Traditional family campaign is carried out with the purpose to revive best family standards capable of strengthening a modern family, ensure its normal functioning in the changing world conditions [1].

The problems of family and marriage have been reviewed in works of such scientists like Kon I.S., Berne E.L., Barsukova S.Yu., Bendas T.S.. Zherebkina I.A., Iskakova M.S. Lebedeva O.A. etc.

Most of scientists consider that steadiness of marital and family relationships depends on readiness of young people to the family life, where readiness to marriage is understood as the system of social and psychological settings of a person that determine emotionally positive attitude to a family lifestyle [2]. Readiness to marriage is an integral category including a set of aspects:

1. psychological;

2. social and moral.

Psychological readiness to create a family suggests presence of communications skills, unity or similarity of views of life in common and family life in particular, disunion of these views often becomes the reason for divorce. The ability to create moral and psychological climate in family, steadiness of character and feelings, developed personal leadership qualities are essential. Especially important are tolerance and justice in assessment of family members’ deeds, the ability to self-control, goal orientation, self-dependence, determination, insistence, endurance, self command and self discipline.  It is also important to feel the condition of another person, foresee his or her emotional reaction. 

Social and moral readiness to family life stipulates civil maturity (mandatory secondary education, profession, moral consciousness, age), economical self-dependence and health. Developed moral consciousness of young men and women is one of the most significant conditions to be ready to marry. It manifests itself by understanding social importance of family, serious attitude to marriage, and conscious choice of a partner [3].

The aim of our research was to find out the attitude of young people to family life and determine their readiness to create a family. 40 students of Pavlodar State University named after S. Toraigyrov from 1 to 4 course were interrogated (girls and boys equally). Anonymous survey was selected as the main method of research as it allowed obtaining true answers.

The questionnaire contained the below questions:

1.            In your opinion, what are the reasons to marry?

2.     Are you ready to create a family while studying at the college?

3.     What does a family mean to you?

4.     Name drawbacks of family life.

5.     What is your attitude to a civil marriage?

6.     What types of marriage are the most steady?

To the first question of the questionnaire: “In your opinion, what are the reasons to marry” we received the following answers: 

- love, 

- acquisition of a person who will take care of you, 

- desire to have children, 

- tradition, 

- desire to improve one’s material well-being,

- pregnancy, 

- acquisition of social status. 

Information on the first questionnaire item (in %) are shown in Figure 1.

 

 

Figure 1. Results of answering to the questionnaire item “In your opinion, what are the reasons to marry?”

 To the second question: “Are you ready to create a family while studying at the college?” 84  %  of the interrogated people replied negatively, explanations were as follows:

- first, it is difficult to combine studying and family life;

- second, parents will be absolutely against it; 

- third, in the society it is usual to get married after graduating from the college.

 To the third question: “What does a family mean to you?” we received the following results:

- 56% of students indicated that family and marriage are the most important things in life;

- 6% of respondents noted that the family is important, but the marriage itself is a formality;

-  32% of students replied that at the time of studying at the college it is early for them to think about creating a family;

- 6% failed to answer this question. 

The questionnaire results of: “What does a family mean to you?” are shown in Figure 2. 

 

 

 

Figure 2. The questionnaire results on: “What does a family mean to you?” 

In reply to question 4, the below aspects were listed among drawbacks of family life: 

- a fear of responsibility, 

- limited freedom of spouses, 

- limited time to study,

- difficulty in building a career. 

Table 1 shows students’ answers to question 4 (in %).

Table  1. Drawbacks of family life

 

#

Answers

(%)

1

Considerable limitation of freedom

15%

2

Family prevents from career growth

6%

3

Responsibility for material support of the family

17%

4

Difficult to combine family and study

11%

5

Growth of responsibility

3%

6

Do not see any drawbacks

47%

7

Difficult to answer

1 %

 

Recently there exist various kinds of marriage, and often the preference is given not to a legal union, but to a co-residence without formal registration (‘civil marriage’). Therefore the questionnaire proposed students to answer the fifth question: “What is your attitude to a civil marriage?”, and we received the following answers: 78% – negative, 22% – positive. The answers were explained as follows:

-  civil marriage is a trial marriage, a life experiment;

- civil marriage is an outrage against the traditional family;

- civil marriage is the proof that love and trust are more important than a ‘stamp on the passport’.

To question 6: “What type of marriage is the most steady?”:

- legal marriage secured by a stamp on the passport and mutual responsibility;

- civil marriage “representing co-residence of a man and a woman without formal registration” [4];

- guest marriage, where a couple has neither common residential space, nor common household.

 The most steady marriage type chosen by the students under this questionnaire item:

-  civil marriage is 83% (out of which: by love – 72%, interested marriage – 4%, based on common religion – 7%);

-  civil marriage is 9%;

- guest marriage is 8%.

The questionnaire results confirmed that the majority of young people in Kazakhstan stick to traditional views, family and marriage for them represent solid life values. Love and children are considered the main things in family life. Young people in the majority are serious about creating a family, they understand hardness and responsibility of being a spouse, therefore they do not hurry to begin marital and family relationships while still being students. However, some new trends are also noted: age of marrying is postponed, interested marriage, civil and guest marriage, marriage based on common religion are accepted as alternatives. All of this is the indicator of gradual deepening of critical tendencies in family life sustenance. Understanding of new realities and growing risks in this area requires rethinking of educational work both in family and at the college to be more oriented at support of the family role and importance. 

References:

1.     Iskakova M.S., Lebedeva O.A. Features of the family adaptation and behavior of the young couple at the stage of forming a family // Bulletin KazNPU. Ser. Psychology. - 2006. - ¹ 2. - p. 45-53

2.     Andreeva T.V., The psychology of the modern family. - SPb .: Speech, 2005.

3.     Shubovich M.M., Faizova V.B., - Formation of the system of values ​​that form the psychological readiness for marriage among students // Bulletin of Tomsk State Pedagogical University, number 4, 2013

4.     Barsukov S.M., Chulanov V.A., Unregistered marriage in the estimates of modern youth SRSTU // Bulletin number 6, 2012