УДК: 622.882.2

Director and Professor Xinhai Lu, PhD student Bakhtiyar Yasmina 

Research Center for Land Resource & Real Estate,

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

ANALYSIS OF THE DUMPING PRACTICE AND LAND RECLAMATION CONDITION AND THEORY

As practice showed, the planning works volume at slopes recultivation depends on a natural slope corner of the stocked rocks, a flattening corner, assizes perimeter and quantity, and also the specified works implementation technology.

In works [1-4] the questions of derelict lands reclamation in various regions, methods of lands violation regulation and an environmental problem of mining are in detail stated. Despite comprehensive consideration of remediation works questions in them recommendations about land reclamation intensification when open-cast mining of superficial type fields aren't made [1].

Works [1-4] are devoted to explosive seismic safety increase questions on openpits, improvement of lands recultivation technology at a fields development open way, dump and remediation works using the mobile equipment and environmental protection at an open mining. At the same time, in these works aren't given researches on selective placement in a dump body of polytypic rocks on suitability them for the recultivation purpose.

Management of open mining dumps, production and recultivation on construction rocks openpits, research of the rational production technology of overburden, dump and remediation works, lands use, recultivation at the mining enterprises both recreational use of territories and forest conservation are in detail stated in works [2]. However in the given sources the questions of the openpits developed space recultivation after the end of their working off aren't considered.

Thus, follows from the above that at poured-out dumps recultivation it is necessary to perform large volume of planning works that involves derivation of the capital dump equipment, or attraction additional that leads to significant increase in mineral production cost. Thus the gap in time between the beginning of earth withdrawal and the beginning of its recultivation is very considerable and close to the term of a dump construction. Therefore, for timely external dumps recultivation and costs decrease in its carrying out there is a need of stacking technology improvement at open-cast mining of superficial type deposits in close interrelation with recultivation.

Gross and selective ways of dumps formation apply on openpits. A gross way as the simplest, is expedient by dumps preparation under forest plantations when overburden rocks properties under the terms of biological development are favorable for trees and bushes planting. By preparation of such dumps the gross way of dumps formation with the surface subsequent covering a soil layer is applied to agriculture and gardening. Existence in overburden thickness of rocks, unsuitable for biological development, demands selective formation. In this case potentially fertile breeds are marked out in a separate ledge and transported in the top assize of a dump. The selective way of a dump formation complicates conducting overburden and dump works, and in certain cases causes the necessity of the additional equipment use. However thus remediation works prices are reduced and favorable conditions for effective biological development of the derelict areas are created. Therefore much attention is paid to dumps selective formation.

The greatest difficulty at recultivation is presented by slopes selective formation of external buldoser dumps. In work [3] authors offer new designs of the planning equipment for a dumps slopes flattening. In work [4] it is offered to make a flattening only on part of assize height to a mark on which height of a nonflattered slope provides erosive stability. Other authors for slope part flattening suggest to use draglayna [2-4]. In our opinion, it is most rational to flattening and selective form dump slopes with the capital equipment due its dumping, but not after or to exclude mining and planning works on a flattening of dump assize slopes.

From the analysis of the stacking and land reclamation theory and practice condition it is visible that the variety of mining-and-geological and mining conditions in which mineral deposits are developed excludes application of universal technology and uniform means of mechanization for a recultivation technical stage performance. Studying of the existing experience on technical recultivation works when buldoser dumps shows that such questions as dumps slopes formation, a choice of development schemes of the dump works front taking into account existence of unsuitable breeds and a place of their bedding in contours of a openpit, an exit dynamics of potentially fertile breeds remain not studied. The question of selective formation of external buldoser dumps at open-cast mining of superficial deposits is also insufficiently studied.

For an intensification of a buldoser dump recultivation it is necessary to establish the major factors influencing selective formation and reduction of expenses at land reclamation.

Thus, as a result of the executed scientific researches, design development and synthesis of the mining enterprises' work practice considerable methodical material on land reclamation is saved up. At the same time the technology of selective formation and buldoser dumps recultivation when developing superficial deposits in the open way demands further improvement taking into account combination of overburden, dump and remediation works.

References: 

1. Sabirova L.B. Slopes rekultivation at an external dumping on open-cast minings//the Second International scientific and practical conference devoted to the 15 anniversary of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Mining and metallurgy in Kazakhstan. A state and prospects" - Almaty, 2006, V.1. Page 201-203.

2. Sabirova L.B. Development of vein fields of a superficial bedding taking into account recultivation. - Almaty//Messenger of KAZNTU No. 3 (20). 2007. Page 186-189.

3. Sandibekov M. N., Sabirova L.B. Features of recultivation of an external buldoser dump on superficial pits//the International conference devoted to the 100 anniversary Al-Mashani. 4.11. - Almaty, 2007. Page 261-263.

4. Sandibekov M. N., Sabirova L.B. Recultivation method when developing vein fields in the open way. - Almaty//Messenger of KAZNTU No. 1/1. 2007. (58) Page 224-230.