PhD Bondarenko Elena
O.S. Popov Odessa National Academy of
Telecommunications
Educational and Research Institute of Economics and
Management
Zubko Elena
Student, field of study for the qualification
«Management»
O.S. Popov Odessa National Academy of Telecommunications
Educational and Research Institute of Economics and
Management
PROBLEMATICAL CHARA CTER OF ADAPTATION OF STUDENTS TO
THE TERMS OF EDUCATING IN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING
Any educating
especially institution of higher learning is business not from lungs. One of
major pre-conditions of successful educational activity of freshmen is their
timely adaptation to the terms of educating in institution of higher learning,
examined as the initial stage of including of them in a professional association.
The first course can become a foothold for a student, and can result in
different deformations in behavior, communication and educating. Exactly on the
first course attitude of young man is formed toward studies, to future
professional activity, a "active search proceeds itself". Even those,
who on perfectly finished high school, on the first course not immediately find
a confidence in the forces. The first failure at times results in
disappointment, loss of prospect, alienation, and passivity. On success of
adaptation further motion of professional life of man depends frequently [1].
Adaptation is
pre-condition of active activity and necessary condition of it efficiency.
Herein positive value of adaptation for the successful functioning of
individual in one or another social role. Researchers distinguish three forms
of adaptation of students-freshmen to the terms of institution of higher learning:
1) Adaptation
formal, touching cognitive-informative adaptation of students to new
surroundings, to the structure of higher school, to maintenance of educating in
her, to her requirements, to the duties.
2) Public
adaptation, i.e. process of internal integration (associations) of groups of
students-freshmen, and integration of the same groups with student surroundings
on the whole.
3) Didactic
adaptation, touching preparation of students to the new forms and methods of educational
work at higher school [2].
In opinion of
many scientists adaptation must pass as active creative adaptation of students
to the terms of higher school, in the process of that for them skills and
abilities of organization of intellection, calling to the select profession,
rational collective and personal mode of labour, leisure and way of life,
system of work on a professional self-education and self-education
professionally of meaningful qualities of personality, are formed.
Adaptation takes
place during all years of educating. Only to the third course meaningful for
student skills of self-control, good organization, and responsibility are
formed. Adaptation of personality of student to educating - it difficult,
protracted, and at times sharp and sickly process. The age-related features of
student are characterized emotional immaturity, openness, suggestibility, and
self-definition. In this period surroundings in that they are important exactly
students. Very often in one group youths and girls get with a different social
level, namely are provincials and city-dwellers. A period of adaptation of
these categories will be different. The educational system of institution of
higher learning comes forward the environment of adaptation of students on the
whole, that is characterized both structural and functional components.
Institution of
higher learning adaptation is a process firstly, continuous, because does not
cease on any day, and in the second, shake, as even during one day there is
switching in the most different spheres activity, communication, consciousness [3].
Complication of adaptation in transition from general to trade education consists not only in changing of social surroundings but also in the necessity of decision-making, origin of alarm concerning the rightness of self-determination that for many identically to being of sense of life. The first difficulties for a student are related to the new terms of life, with primary socialization in institution of higher learning. In fact together with the appropriation of status of student young people run into the row of difficulties: new departmental teaching, mutual relations with classmates and teachers, problems in a welfare relation, independent life in municipal terms (for from another city students), insufficient knowledge of structures and principles of work of university and possibilities for self-realization in work, science, sport and public life.
The signs of failure adaptation are a decline of capacity, tiredness, sleepiness, headaches, prevailing of dismal, growth of level of anxiety, dormancy or, opposite, hyperactivity, attended with violations of discipline, systematic failure of homework, admissions of employments, and absence of motivation of educational activity. From that, how long at times there is a process of adaptation, current and forthcoming successes of students depend.
Reasons of difficulties of adaptation period: · the negative experiencing related to the care from a school collective;
· a vagueness of reasons of choice of profession, insufficient psychological preparation to her;
· a lack of ability to carry out the psychological self-regulation of behavior of activity, aggravated by absence of habit of daily control of teachers;
· a search of the optimal mode of labour and rest in new terms;
· absence of skills of independent work, lack of ability to summarize, work with a book;
· a weak base of knowledge from the school program [4].
These difficulties are different originally. Some objectively inevitable (mastering is in a new collective, mutual relations with teachers), other carry subjective character and related to weak preparation, defects of education in family and school.
Thus, for more successful adaptation of freshmen, to my mind, it is necessary:1. To take into account difficulties of adaptation of freshmen at the construction of curricula. 2. To use different methods educating oriented not to learning by heart of the studied disciplines, and, first of all, on educating of students to ability to expose main and second-rate reasons, consequence and other parties of the studied problems.3. Realization of course is «Introduction to speciality», within the framework of that the students of the first course must get a clear idea about the chosen speciality, methods and forms of educating, kinds, presented forms of current documents, organization of their maintenance, periods of handing over of current and final control of knowledge of and other.4. To use for the students of the first course of the system of the adaptation training.5. Increase of role of counsel in adaptation of students to the terms of educating in institution of higher learning.6. Active bringing in of freshmen to socio-cultural life of institution of higher learning.7. Bringing in of students of the first course to participating in social and educational projects [5].If student yet to entering Institution of higher learning firmly decided a question about a choice to them professions, realized her value, her positive and negative parties, requirements that she pulls out, both educating in Institution of higher learning will be purposeful and productive or adaptation will come true without the special difficulties.
Literature:
1. Адаптация студентов
к условиям обучения в ВУЗе. – 2015. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode:
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2. Ткачева Г. В.
Научно-дидактические условия учебной адаптации студентов на начальном этапе
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образовательной системы «школа-вуз». М.: Прогресс, 2003. – 240 с.
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4. Эффективная адаптация студентов первого курса - залог
успешного обучения и профессионального определения личности. – 2014. – [Electronic
resource]. – Access mode: http://economics.open-mechanics.com/articles/393.pdf
5. Пергаменщик Л. А. Психологические
механизмы адаптации учащихся к новым условиям жизни и деятельности. : М.,
2008. – 260 с.