УДК: 658.14/17

Круглов В.Н.

Institute of management, business and technology

The development of the preconditions of innovative activity

Keywords: innovation, investment, technology, innovation, Economics, management, process, function, classification, market.

Abstract: in the article there is a speech about what conditions need to be created in the real sector of production in order to make our work truly innovative. In the Russian Federation the problems of innovative development of economy has received considerable attention, both at the level of the government of the Russian Federation and regional level. The aim of the innovation policy of the Russian Federation is to increase GDP through the development of innovative technologies and methods of business management. The achievement of this goal is impossible without the formation and functioning within the enterprise appropriate mechanism for conducting work on the management of innovation processes. In fact the innovative potential of the enterprise provides the possibility of its further development. However, important is not only the presence of any innovative capacity, but also the ability to implement it effectively. Currently in the Russian industry there is a disproportion between innovative capabilities and their actual implementation. Few Russian enterprises have a strong innovation potential, but even fewer are able to use it effectively. The problem is the lack of comprehensive research, methodological development and conceptual approaches to the assessment of the innovative capacity and efficiency of its use.

Innovations play a major role in the modern economy as an objective element of its functioning. In the modern rapidly changing world requires enterprises other management techniques. The reduction of product life cycles, increasing demand of the market and consumers are forcing manufacturers to adapt to a changing environment. The winner is the fastest who is able to respond to changes in society and to implement innovations. Without them it is impossible to ensure the growth of the productive forces, to create conditions for effective development of production. Innovation is the Foundation of improving the quality and competitiveness of manufactured products. The ultimate goal of innovation processes is a commercial implementation of new knowledge [1, p. 27].

The current state and the direction of the current transformation processes of national economic system create the prerequisites for intensification of competition between business entities. In such a difficult situation is almost the sole direction of the stabilization and enhancement of business profitability is active innovation in entrepreneurship. An estimate of its importance is increasing due to the fact that it allows you to ensure the intensification of economic development of the enterprise in particular and the state in General.

Analysis of the literature allowed us to systematize the problems of innovation in the enterprise and to formulate directions for their solution. Innovation is a complex of interrelated activities, providing consistent progress in the stages of idea generation, research and implementation of measures for the commercialization aimed at radical improvement of existing or the introduction of a fundamentally new product, which can act as the company's products, production facilities and management processes. The result of innovation are innovation – new ways, techniques, methods of implementation of any organizational processes that are scientific, technical, technological, economic, organizational and social nature, and ensure the formation of competitive advantages of the enterprise [2, p. 313].

Innovation in the enterprise is a long and complex process as it involves the existence of certain problems that can be systematized as follows.

The main barrier for innovation in modern domestic companies is imperfect legal framework of the state, primarily the deficiencies in tax, customs and antitrust regulation of innovation activity, the need to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights. Fix problems of this nature requires the appropriate response of public authorities in the form of support and protection at the legislative level of innovative activity of domestic entities, for example, by providing appropriate tax incentives, the implementation of the relevant cash payments [3, p. 234].

In addition, significant issues of national scale there are shortcomings in public policy, which are directly related to the irrationality of building a legislative framework for the country and are, above all, in the absence of incentives from the state scientific-research and experimental-design works. The most acute problem during the time of the collapse of the USSR, when sharply reduced state funding of research institutions and organizations, decreased activity of the government to stimulate scientific research, discoveries and developments. Of course, during the years of independence there have been several attempts to revive domestic scientific potential, however, since these measures were often unsystematic, fragmented and inconsistent, significant shifts occurred [4., p. 307]. The consequence of this problem is the absence of a developed domestic market innovative products that are primarily due to the import of new developments in the initial stages of the innovation process and the impossibility of their implementation on the national market. The importance of overcoming this problem is only amplified against the backdrop of world scientific and technical progress. Measures for its solution can be in the form of the adoption by the competent public authorities of the respective target programs that will be long term in nature, provide sufficient financial support and touch in the first place and encouraging R & d in priority sectors of the national economy.

Among other problems of implementation of innovations in domestic enterprises can distinguish [5, p. 333]:

- limited information on domestic and foreign experience in the introduction of innovations that can be solved by the active exchange of experience innovation activities between companies through holding various national and international exhibitions, conferences, symposiums, fairs, the establishment of various associations of enterprises;

- the limited financial resources of the enterprise, which is often associated with significant capital intensity of innovation. Among the solution to this problem can be distinguished: accumulation of funds from external sources, the use of retained profits, financing of innovative projects at the expense of the state budget funds, the establishment and participation of enterprises in investment and innovation clusters;

- the riskiness of innovation, provides for the shortfall in the expected result from innovation. Such risks can be reduced through the development and implementation of an effective system of guarantees and insurance risks;

- inconsistency of staffing that is primarily due to insufficient qualification of personnel, and can be solved by introducing a fundamentally new educational programs for training of specialists on innovation and the creation of comprehensive programs for training, retraining and advanced training of relevant personnel, at the state level and at the level of the individual enterprise. The solution of this problem will also help to eliminate organizational weaknesses of the enterprise, which are expressed in the need for the company's specialized structural units, which would be engaged in monitoring of innovation processes outside the enterprise, implemented and controlled innovation within the enterprise;

- subjective perception of the importance of innovation in entrepreneurship, which is to distrust of innovative product from both the manufacturer and the consumer. If to speak about the consumer, among the solution to this problem can be called effective marketing campaigns to promote product on the market. If we are talking about the manufacturer, the solution to this problem should be identified borrow the experience of other entities that effectively carry out innovative activities.

So, examining basic problems of implementation of innovations in domestic enterprises and ways of their solution, we can formulate the idea that active innovative activity of the enterprise, despite the existence of significant barriers to its implementation, allows to optimize all internal management and production processes of the organization, to bring the organizational structure of the company in accordance with its mission and goals, to maximize benefit from the provisions of the enterprise in the market during some stage of its life cycle. However, it should be noted that the effective implementation of innovative activity of modern enterprises is impossible without the active support of the authorities, which is impossible in the absence of a clearly defined model of innovative development of national economy and public policies on the formation and implementation of this model.

Literature:

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