ÓÄÊ 378
ACADEMIC
MOBILITY IS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF
EDUCATION
THROUGHOUT LIFE
Annotation: The problem
of academic mobility as an integral component of education throughout life and
means of dissemination of international integration processes in the modern
educational space is analyzed in the article. It is noted that for the purpose
of forming academic mobility specialist, it is appropriate to develop
"leading" educational programs that meet the needs of the labour
market, society and international standards and relevant regulatory,
logistical, personnel, informational, psychological and pedagogical support.
Keywords: academic
mobility, types of academic mobility, professional mobility, education
throughout life, continuing education.
Statement of the problem. In globalizing conditions, education throughout life predetermines the development of economic and
spiritual potential of each state. The growth of the specific weight of the
different educational systems in national economies and the restructuring of
the global economy actualizes various discussions on the development of modern
education. The problems of throughout life education are not exceptionable. They are
closely related to formal, nonformal, informal education of various categories
of youth and adults. We are impressed by the assertion of O. Anischenko and L.
Lukyanova that at the present stage of society development there is a
transition from the concept of "education for life" to the concept of
"education throughout life" [6, p. 62]. This concept provides for the
formation of new basic skills for all with the purpose of ensuring continuous
access to education, improvement and renewal skills which are necessary in the
information society; increasing investments in human resources; innovative methods
of teaching and learning for continuing education – "the length and the
width in the life" the new system of evaluation of received education for
the aim of accounting for and recognition of non-formal and informal education,
etc.
So, it is discussed the
formation of a new educational paradigm, which in particular provides for
flexibility, adaptability, continuity of all stages of the education and interrelationship
of all its forms; the empowerment of citizens ' participation in cultural,
social and political activities of the country; the humanization of education,
the transformation of the learning process in a continuous process of
self-development and self-perfection of man; creativity, cooperation between
all subjects of the pedagogical process, etc. At the same time, the
transformations in the economic life of the country determine the need for
highly qualified specialists who get into competitive conditions in the labor
market. Therefore the question of the mobility of the individual, which implies
adaptation in the world of professional relations, its competitiveness is actualized.
Analysis of recent researches and publications. Various aspects of the development of education
throughout life are covered in the works of A. Anishchenko, S. Arhova, N.
Bidyuk, S. Zmiev, L. Lukyanova, O. Ogiyenko, N. Patura, S. Priyma, L. Sigayeva,
etc. The scientific heritage of K. Abul’hanova-Slavskay, B. Ananiev, P. Hornostay,
I. Zimnyay, A. Leontiev, A. Markova is dedicated to investigation of the preparedness
specialist problems for the personal and professional fulfillment and mobility,
etc. Structure, semantic and terminological aspects of academic mobility are
studied by N. Kovalisko, Zh. Talanoav, A. Tatarnicova, I. Spectorenko, G. Shchokin,
etc. Theoretical and practical bases of formation of professional mobility of
future skilled workers in vocational schools are explored by L. Sushentzeva.
Features of student academic mobility are the subject of scientific research of
V. Astakhova, S. Verbitskaya, etc. Academic mobility as a means of integration
into the international educational space is studied by V. Lisovuy, V. Kapustnik,
I. Zavgorodniy etc. However, the problem of formation of academic mobility of
the individual as an integral component of education throughout life in the new
socio-economic conditions requires careful consideration. That is stipulated the
choice of the article’s theme.
The article purpose is to analyze the international academic mobility (AM) in the context of
the ideas of education throughout life.
At different stages of scientific research to achieve
the goal, study regulatory documents, psychological, educational, monographic
and reference literature on the problems of academic mobility were used. It was
made with subsequent analysis by synthesis (it has made possibility for
determination of the theoretical aspects of the research problem);
systematization and generalization of research materials (to clarify the nature
of academic mobility, the individual peculiarities of its formation).
The results of the study. As the research of A. Ishchenko [5, p. 99] bespeaks according to one of
the international benchmarks that level of engagement in higher education
(Gross Enrolment Ratio, GER), a percentage of the number of individuals who
receive higher education regardless of their age, the number of persons that
have the typical higher education age), Ukraine occupies one of leading places
among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (73 %). Scholar rightly notes
that a truly objective criterion of the quality of country’s higher education
is the number of students from other countries studying in its educational
establishments. At the same time, academic mobility of students, despite high
growth rates, is still mostly the exception than the rule around the world. Only
4.1 million from more than 150 million the worldwide students’ number were
enrolled outside their country (less than 3 %) in 2010. About half of the
students studying outside their countries is immigrants from the Asian region [3,
p. 360].
In our opinion, the
practical interest is in these statistics: in the 2011-2012 year, in Poland, 6
321 Ukrainian students studied, in the 2012-2013 year - 9 620 Ukrainians [9],
and in 2015 – about 20,000 of our fellow citizens. Only in Poland 46 000
foreigners are trained who are representatives of 158 countries [11]. The
Ukrainians are represented the most powerfully, on the second place – the
Belarusians, followed by the Norwegians, Spaniards, Swedes and citizens of
other countries. Unfortunately, the investigated materials have not revealed
aggregate statistical materials on the mobility of the faculty of the domestic universities.
It should be emphasized the fact that in the modern
scientific discussions referred to the advisability of separating terminology
"professional mobility" and "academic mobility". At the
same time, according to A. Ishchenko, professional and academic mobility are systemic
phenomena that reflect a particular paradigm of providing these types of
mobility as the main component of success in teaching, and in the future, it
will be professionalism, success in the social environment. These kinds of mobility reflect as an
objective (state policy in the field of vocational education (training), state
personnel policy in different occupational groups, legal and regulatory
framework for the development of education and training, particularly
vocational, professional activity) as subjective factors (personal qualities,
which manifest themselves in academic and professional environments) [5].
A modern definition
terminology "academic mobility" will be given.
The essence of academic mobility in various
sources
Table 1
|
Definition |
Document, author |
|
It is the ability of educational process
participants to learn, to teach, to train or to conduct research activities,
etc. in other higher educational establishments on the territory of Ukraine
or abroad. |
The order of realization the
right to academic mobility: project (2015) [7]. |
|
It is the intensive
exchange of students, trainees, teachers between schools all over the world,
and also through the expansion and improvement of the spectra of programs of
education, forms of education, educational technologies and organizational
systems. |
A. Tatarnikova [9]. |
|
It is integration process
in the field of education that provides an opportunity for students, graduate
students, teachers to participate in diverse academic or academic research
programs. |
Information block on the
website of National technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic
Institute" [2] |
As it can be seen from table 1, it says about the
mobility of teaching staff, and students. It should be added that in Ukraine in
educational institutions of various types, the regulations on academic mobility
are provided by the Regulations of educational institutions, as well as the
relevant departments under the academic mobility [8].
The actuality of the academic mobility problem of
development confirms that the Ministry
of Education and Science of Ukraine initiated a public discussion of the draft
resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On approval of the
Procedure of realization of the right to academic mobility" in 2015[8]. In
accordance with the project it is spoken about the establishment of a uniform
procedure for the organization of academic mobility programs for participants
in the educational process of higher educational establishments of Ukraine on
the territory of Ukraine or abroad.
According to the cited document, 5 main types of
academic mobility is highlighted (table 2).
|
Types of academic mobility |
Description |
|
Internal academic mobility |
Training, teaching, internships, research participation
in the educational process of higher educational establishments of Ukraine in
universities-partners of Ukraine. |
|
International academic mobility |
Training, teaching, internships, research participation
in the educational process of higher educational establishments of Ukraine universities-partners
outside of Ukraine. |
|
Group academic mobility |
Training, teaching, internships, research group of
participants of educational process in higher educational
establishments-partners of the organized institution of higher education of
Ukraine for the purpose of realization of educational, academic and research
programs. |
|
Individual academic mobility |
Training, teaching, internships, research individual
participants of educational process in higher educational
establishments-partners for the purpose of implementation of individual
educational, academic and research programs. |
|
Initiative academic mobility |
Training, teaching, internships, research
participations in the educational process on their own initiative, supported
by the administration of higher educational institutions of Ukraine, to
implement individual educational, academic and research programs in domestic
and foreign government programs and projects. |
So as it follows from table 2, it is assumed that the
main types of academic mobility will be considered as internal academic
mobility in higher educational institutions of Ukraine), international academic
mobility in higher education institutions outside Ukraine), academic mobility
group (the group of participants of educational process in educational
establishments-partners), individual academic mobility (individual order of
participants of educational process in educational establishments and academic
mobility initiative (implementation of individual educational, academic and
research programs within the framework of domestic and foreign government
programs, projects, etc.). However, the analysis of the sources on electronic
and paper carriers shows that in modern conditions there are the following
types of AM:
• internal and external;
• internally collegiate, national,
international;
• remote;
• short and long (depends on the period of training);
• horizontal (for a certain period of time while
training) and vertical (with the aim of obtaining the following academic or
scientific degree).
It is very important that students will receive the
right to participate in the programs of academic mobility who have the educational
levels of bachelor's and associate's bachelor (since sophomore year),
specialist's, master's, individuals who receive a scientific degree of the
doctor of philosophy (candidate of Sciences or doctor of Sciences, scientific-pedagogical
and scientific and pedagogical workers. It should be added that among the forms
of academic mobility for students the most promising is training on student
exchange programs in partner universities, training on joint educational
programs, language and academic internships, academic (research, production)
practice, participation in summer schools, conferences, seminars, etc. At the
same time, the forms of academic mobility for persons who receive a scientific
degree of the doctor of philosophy (candidate of Sciences or doctor of
Sciences, scientific-pedagogical and scientific and pedagogical workers is
participation in seminars, scientific schools, conferences, etc.; participation
in joint projects; participation in educational activities of the receiving
party; the study of the experience of the host party; the establishment of
partnerships.
It is anticipated that funding for participants of the
educational process who implement right to the AM in higher educational
institutions-partners will be funded by international foundations,
institutions, organizations, individuals or legal entities in accordance with
the agreements between the participants of academic mobility. The draft
regulation also defines other features of participation in the programs of
academic mobility in Ukraine and abroad.
It should be emphasized the fact that on the websites
of national institutions of higher education detailed information is posted in
particular on the possibilities of academic mobility of students. So, the section
"International relations" of Medical Institute of Sumy State
University attracts the attention [5]. It explains the possibility of
participation in international (Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands,
etc.) the competitive programs of research and scholarship, master's programs,
receipt of research grants, training summer research schools, etc. At the same
time, considerable work is carried out by the Institute in the context of
international academic mobility (students and lecturers in international
conferences, forums, training programs, organization of work of the thematic
schools with attraction of leading foreign scientists, training abroad, etc.).
Gradually the number of joint programs increases,
consequently, exchanges among teachers and students between Ukrainian
universities and between the Ukrainian and foreign educational establishments.
As the analysis of literary sources evidences [10, p. 32-33], the real
participants in the programs of international academic mobility broaden the
scope of scientific knowledge, acquire skills of intercultural communication
and diplomacy, to solve the urgent problems, to find new scientific contacts, to
establish useful social connections, to develop personal and professional
potential, alternative views of the world, etc. It is also observed that youth
perception of promising research component of personal and professional
fulfillment, and desire for the implementation of scientific research and
acquisition of new professional experience for the purpose of its
implementation in practice.
Conclusions and perspectives for further research. The analysis of the research material gives
reason to believe that academic mobility is an integral component of throughout
education/ education for life, which is directly related to the economy and
labour market. In this context, a promising development is the
"leading" educational programs that meet the needs of the labor
market, society and international standards. International academic mobility of
students, graduates, faculty and other staff of higher educational institutions
of Ukraine is implemented in the framework of international inter-University
agreements, and joint educational programs governed by the agreements on
academic and scientific cooperation with foreign educational institutions,
healthcare institutions and international organizations. The formation of a
mobility personality contributes to the implementation of procedures for the
mutual recognition of study periods and academic disciplines, the results of
evaluation of educational achievements, individualization of educational
programs and the creation of favorable organizational conditions for learning
outside of their school, as well as relevant legal, logistical, personnel,
informational, psychological and pedagogical supporting.
Among the
prospects for the further study of the problem is the relationship of academic
mobility with the stimulation of exports and imports of educational services of
the country, the formation and development of mobility of teaching staff of
higher educational institutions.
References
1. A third of foreign students in Poland – Ukrainian. viewed 17.03.15, http://www.wz.lviv.ua/life/127692 [in
Ukrainian].
2. Academic Mobility / Natsionalnyi tekhnichnyi universytet Ukrainy
«Kyivskyi politekhnichnyi instytut», viewed 17.03.15, http://kpi.ua/mobility
[in Ukrainian].
3. Education at a Glance 2012. OECD indicators, Paris: OECD Publishing, 2012. (in English)
4. International Relations. Medychnyi instytut Sumskoho derzhavnoho
universytetu, viewed 17.03.15,
http://med.sumdu.edu.ua/index.php/uk/2012-12-10-19-31-29/2013-08-08-14-31-14
[in Ukrainian].
5. Ishchenko, A.Iu. (2014) Global trends and problems of education:
prospects for Ukraine. // Ctratehichni priorytety, 4 (33), 98-102. [in
Ukrainian].
6. Luk’ianova, L.B., Anishchenko, O.V. (2014) Adult education: a brief
glossary of terms. K.; Nizhyn: Vydavets PP Lysenko M.M., 2014 [in Ukrainian].
7. On approval of the right to academic mobility: by the Cabinet of
Ministers of Ukraine, viewed 17.03.15, http://old.mon.gov.ua/ua/pr-viddil/1312/1421144886/1424702227/
[in Ukrainian].
8. Regulations on the organization of educational process in the DMZ
«Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine». T.O.
Pertseva, N.V. Likholetova, S.V. Zakharov. Dnipropetrovsk: Navchalnyi viddil DZ
«DMA», 2015. [in Ukrainian].
9. Tatarnykova, A.A. (2015) The increase in occupational mobility
specialist in the system of open education. viewed 17.03.15, http:// www.ido.tsu.ru. [in Russian].
10. The international academic mobility of young scientists of
Dnipropetrovsk as a manifestation of globalization in the modern world: a
monograph. M.O. Shevchuk, S.F. Vlasov, L.O. Kolisnyk, R.M. Bezus, M.V. Mosondz;
MON Ukrainy; Nats. hirn. un-t. D.: NHU (2014) [in Ukrainian].
11. Ukrainians make up half of all international students in Poland, viewed
17.03.15, http://viknaodessa.od.ua/news/?news=113583 [in Russian].
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