Andrii Galkin PhD, Ievgen Litomin

Transport systems and logistics Department O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Ukraine

INFLUENCE OF CITY’S ON LOGISTICS

Production delivery in the consumption sphere is one of the important trade functions that take place in the commercial companies. Rational management is important in goods distribution processes. Logistics tools are effecting on distribution channel delivery mechanism choice for different regions. The sales channels choice is one of the key decisions for the company.

Economic relations largely formed under conditions of uncertainty and instability of the environment requires highly efficient management methods and logistics activities. The traditional concept of management is not excusing itself. The constant increasing demands for logistics services expand markets lead to the need to take account of external logistics environment. Logistics activities in servicing various cities in the current market conditions, poorly studied. Not enough parameters the influence of the city on technology logistics services. Insufficient determination efficiency of various technologies logistic service while servicing various cities. Thus, the lack of unequivocal scientific and theoretical basis and appropriate practical developments determined the choice of the theme of dissertation research and its relevance. Paper is aimed to improving the efficiency of retail logistics service network within the parameters of the city.

The challenge in product’s markets is carried out by different aspects. Logistics is no exception, it chose the best way to bring product - material flow from the suppler to client, with minimal price, time and maximum service level. According to the analysis of references, to the logistics put different objectives and criteria for its implementation. Other side of the logistics service is to get maximum own profit or other tasks which management set.

Analysis of the sources of literature defines a large number of options the city, including the main can be considered [1-4]: city area, the population, the radius of the city, the level of Automobilization, the density of the road network, circuit city transport planning. Consider them more. One of the main parameters is the city population. It affects the amount of territory planning structure, quantity and quality of life institutions, transport and engineering equipment, and others.

An important criterion for classification of a settlement to the status of the city is a population that is determined by:

- Small city: up to 10 thousand. - 50 thousand people;

- Medium: 50 - 250 thousand people;

- Big: 250 - 500 thousand people;

- Significant (large): 500 - 1000 thousand people;

- The most significant (the largest): over 1000 thousand people.

Analysis of the sources of references defines eight fundamental geometrical schemes covering the diversity of urban planning structures [1-3]. Schematic representation of urban planning structures is presented in Table. 1.

Table 1. A description of the town planning agencies [1]

Name of scheme	Description	Coefficient
free	The entire network consists of narrow crooked streets with variable width carriageway. For modern cities in Ukraine, this scheme is not applicable	-
radial	Very complicated connections between peripheral regions, causing significant pereprobih and overload city center	>>1
radial-ring	Has two fundamentally different types of highways - radial and ring	1,05 – 1,1
triangular	There is no clearly defined central core and the possibility of even distribution of transportation throughout the city	1,4-1,5
rectangular	It includes chord and diagonal streets, punched in the existing building on the busiest destinations	1,2-1,3
hexagonal	The basis of the scheme is a combination of hexagons, excluded the formation of complex assemblies crossings on highways	-

It should be noted that in its pure form all the above schemes street network in modern major cities are small.

The density of the road network of the city is the ratio of the total length of the road network to the area of the city served. Too high density network has drawbacks, such as significant investments in network construction, major maintenance costs for its maintenance and low speed because of frequent traffic intersections. Under the current town-planning regulations mean density of transport networks in cities located within 1.0 - 2.5 km / km²

The city area is the area bounded by the city limits, measured in square units. Area of the city, according to studies, affects the rate of dislocation density of consumers, and thus the distance between adjacent points.

According to the definition of the area, the city radius is the distance from the city center to the specified anywhere in the city. The radius of the city largely influences the speed connections. In this regard, is the value recommended speeds depending on the radius of the city (tab. 1.2) [14]. Recommendations in tab. 2 it is advisable to expand all cities with a population over 10 000 People.

Table 2. Dependence of the velocity of the radius of the town [1]

Indicator	The average square radius, km
	3	6	9	12
The average communication speed when driving through the city, km / h	30	26	22	17

Logistics system is inextricably linked with the principles of urban planning and forecasting. Solving problems Logistics system has to obtain considering the parameters of the city. Therefore, it is possible to trace the influence of city planning structure parameters of logistics channels.

Using the methods and models for logistics tasks of logistics channels should be considered at different levels: continent, state, region, area, city, district and others. The system of distribution for each region should be in service in various aspects of operation: logistics, economic, marketing and decided at all levels of government. Mechanisms of logistics channels to promote individual material flow must be provided at the design stage and project identification. Managing logistics channels in the operation, carried out the impact on their properties. The indicators that can characterize the results of the channel may include: adjusted net income, payback period of the formation of the distribution channel, the capacity of the logistics channel power margin of logistics channel.

References

1. Лобанов, Е. М. (1990). Транспортная планировка городов. М.: Транспорт, 240, 32.

2. Фишельсон М. С. Транспортная планировка городов //М.: Высшая школа. – 1985.

3. Сафронов, Э. А. (2005). Транспортные системы городов и регионов. М.: Изд-во АСВ.

4. Лобашов, А. О., & Бурко, Д. Л. (2013). Влияние уровня автомобилизации на параметры транспортных потоков. Технологический аудит и резервы производства, 5(1 (13)).