Экономические науки/2. Внешнеэкономическая деятельность.

Doctor of economics, professor Dulambaeva R.T., Syzdykova A.S.

AlmaU, KazNU named after al-Farabi, Kazakhstan

Expansion of the export potential of tourism in Kazakhstan

Today's successes in socio-economic development and attracting foreign investment The Republic of Kazakhstan is obliged to base the competitiveness of such factors as the availability of natural resources, favorable macroeconomic environment and political stability. However, in the run up to 2020 the country's economy could lose competitiveness and be in the "middle income trap." To maintain high rates of economic growth in Kazakhstan will need to implement structural changes in the economy needed to move to a new stage of development. In this connection, the transition of Kazakhstan to the principles of innovation-oriented economy, as well as the implementation of projects of the Industrialization Map of the country must comply with the current trends of the world economy. At the same time the main tasks of innovative industrialization should include the consolidation of efforts of business, government, and the concentration of the country's resources for the development of priority sectors of the economy; creating a favorable business environment and investment climate; increase the intensity and productivity of the national economy. To date, one of the most attractive and currently fastest growing sector of the economy is tourism. International tourism has become a major source of foreign exchange earnings for many industrialized and developing countries. International tourism has become one of the key sectors, as the share of income from foreign tourism in the total amount of exports of goods and services is an impressive number in those countries. For example, Spain (35%), Greece (36%), Cyprus (52%) [1].

The contribution of tourism to the national value added in 2014 amounted to 2.0% of GDP,  791.6 billion tenge, which is significantly lower than in developed countries. It should be noted that the gross value added created by tourism, is increasing annually. At the same time, its share in GDP for the years 2011-2014. It did not exceed 2.0%, indicating a slight contribution of tourism to the national economy (Table. 1).

Table 1 - Share of gross value added generated by tourism in Kazakhstan's GDP, over the period from 2011 to 2014 .:

Indicators of development

Years

2011

2012

2013

2014

Gross domestic product,

all billion tenge

28 243,1

31 015,2

35 999,0

39 675,8

Gross value added

value created

tourism billion tenge

364,1

415,1

530,7

791,6

The share of gross value added generated by tourism in the gross domestic product, per cent

1,3

1,3

1,5

2,0

Note - drawn up on the basis of source [2, p. 7, 8]

 

Kazakhstani tourists annually taken out of the country 1.6-2.0 billion US, while foreign tourists are imported to Kazakhstan no more than 1.4 billion US dollars [2, p. 12].

As mentioned above, tourism in Kazakhstan - the industry with great potential, but also enormous challenges. In order to identify the strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities for the development of this sector is represented by tourism SWOT-analysis in Kazakhstan (Table 2).

Table 2 - SWOT-analysis of the tourism business in Kazakhstan:

Strengths:

­         A stable political situation;

­         A significant and unique natural and recreational potential of the area;

­         State support;

­         The hospitality of the Kazakh people;

­         Improves the image of the country, thanks to advances in politics and world sport;

­         Satisfactory performance;

 

Weaknesses:

­         Low level of service for the development of tourism;

­         Undeveloped tourism infrastructure for development of tourism;

­         The high cost and low availability of foreign capital;

­         The diversified structure of the economy, tied to an advantageous development of the oil and gas industry and the extraction of raw materials;

­         Low research capacity;

Opportunities:

­         Support the development of tourist regions;

­         Support the development of small and medium businesses;

­         Continuous growth rate of tourist traffic density in the country will allow to acquire new customers;

­         It will help to attract financial and affluent group of customers;

­         creation of new jobs in the tourism sector, including in rural areas;

­         Promote the growth of investment;

­         It will help to diversify the economy;

Threats:

­   Securing the negative image of the country in terms of tourism infrastructure unprepared (poor infrastructure, lack of staff, etc.);

­   The loss of the previous position in the global tourism market due to the reorientation of exports;

­   The low level of investment activity;

­   The decline of tourist flows;

Note: Compiled on the basis of source [3, 4]

 

The main goal of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of tourism today is the creation of the country's highly effective and competitive tourist cluster, which will provide opportunities to meet the needs of both Kazakhstan and foreign tourists. With the adoption of the "Concept of development of the tourism industry to 2020" all members of the tourism market will work in a new environment, with broad public support. If all goes according to plan, the tourism industry is expected to reach a leading position in the economy [4].

The tourism industry has a strong multiplier effect and has a significant positive side-effects than most other economic sectors. Therefore, most of the countries near and far abroad have chosen tourism as a means to generate and accelerate economic development, improve the foreign exchange position of the country, strengthening the tourism infrastructure.

Tourism for the rapid growth is recognized as an economic phenomenon of the century, and the scale of its development indicate his membership in strategic sectors of the economy, which requires continuous improvement of state regulation in order to ensure the proportionality of regional and branch economic complexes, study employment policies, ensuring budget revenue growth.

 

References:

1.  Аношин А.В., Титова Е.Ю. Международный туризм в России: проблемы и перспективы // Вестн. Удмуртского ун-та. — 2007. — № 2. — С. 13-20.

2.  Туризм Казахстана 2011-2015 – 2015 год. - [Электронный ресурс]. – URL:   httр://www.stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT161712 (дата обращения: 25.01.2016).

3.   Коновалова С. Всё у нас впереди! // Маркетинг товаров и услуг. — 2008. — № 7-8 (77-78). — С. 22-25.

4.  Постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 28 февраля 2013 года № 192 «Об утверждении Концепции развития туристской отрасли Республики Казахстан до 2020 года».