Popov N.N.,. Olenych V.B,. Savvo A.N.

V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

Regional Children's Clinical Hospital ¹ 1, Kharkov

 

Immunoreactivity of children of different ages with the cerebral asthenic syndrome, who were prematurely born with perinatal defeat of central nervous system.

 

Formation and development of immune system begins at early children's age and resistance of an organism to infectious and noninfectious diseases depends on its nature of functioning. In recent years indicators of survival of the prematurely born children with low body weight has significantly improved. However during postnatal development, prematurely born children have difficulties of medical and social adaptation, a delay of physical and psycho-emotional development could be attended with high incidence.

According to A.A. Baranov, in recent years pathology of nervous system in the perinatal period has increased almost in two times [1]. The injury of a brain, concerned with cerebral hypoxia, occurs to 60-80% of newborns [2]. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathies are the reason of high mortality in the neonatal period and lead to various nervous disorders in children, defining the quality of life in future [3, 4, 5, 6].

Purpose of the study

According to all mentioned above and also close interrelation of nervous and immune system, the purpose of our work is the study of the immune status and nature of immune frustration in children of different ages with the cerebral asthenic syndrome (CAS), who were prematurely born with a perinatal lesion of central nervous system.

Object and methods of research

We have surveyed 56 children with CAS at the age of 6-7 years and 58 children at the age of 12-14 years, born prematurely with perinatal lesions of CNS (primary group). The group of comparison comprised children with CAS of the same age (44 children at the age of 6-7 years and 48 children at the age of 12-14 years), born in time without perinatal CNS disorders. The control group was made by almost healthy children of the same age (30 children - 6-7 years and 30 children - 12-14 years).

Criteria of an exception were chronic diseases of inner organs: cardiovascular system diseases, chronic infectious diseases, chronic diseases of endocrine system, serious chronic illness of nervous system (epilepsy, infantile cerebral paralysis, hydrocephaly, consequences of heavy craniocerebral traumas).

Examination of children was conducted on the basis of the Regional center of children's immunology Kharkiv Regional children's clinical hospital ¹ 1 (¹ 1 RCCH) and the Department of the general and clinical immunology and allergology of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University.

The program of immunological investigations included evaluation of lysozyme, s (secretory) immunoglobulin A (IgA), m (monomeric) IgA, immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in an oral secret, the main classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) in serum of blood, immunoglobulin E (IgE), circulating immune complex (CIC), complement, population and subpopulation structure of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, the content of the main inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The content of lysozyme in an oral secret was determined early in the morning fasting by a diffusion method in an agar [7]. The concentration of immunoglobulin of various classes in an oral secret and serum of blood was defined by spectrofluorimetry [8], concentration of immunoglobulin E -   enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgÅ-ELISA) - according to the enclosed instruction. The level of CIC in serum of blood was determined by the method of selective precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) – 6000 [9].  The activity of compliment was judged on 50% hemolysis test system [9].

Population structure of lymphocytes in peripheral blood was determined by a method of a flowing laser cytometry with use of monoclonal antibodies of different specificity, on the FACSC Calibun device (USA). The maintenance of Th1 and Th2-cells was evaluated according to the content of IL-4 and IFNγ in cytoplasm of lymphocytes [10, 11].

Proliferative activity of lymphocytes was estimated at reactions of a blast-cell transformation of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin [12]. Intensity of reaction estimated morphologically in a percentage of formed blastic variant.

Conclusions

Children with CAS who were prematurely born with perinatal lesion of CNS, the frustrations in immune system concern T – cell part of immunity and are mainly connected with an imbalance of subpopulations in Th–cell (Th1, Th2, Treg) and in the cytokine network, the increased content of IL-1β and the decreased content of IL-10 and IL-2, which are responsible for the development of immune reaction. The obtained data indicates the risk of inadequate reaction on infectious and noninfectious immunogenes in these children that can lead to the development of an immunodeficiency state and chronization of an infection or, on the contrary, to hyper reactions, autosensibilization and development of autoimmune processes.

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