Law/1. History of State and Law
Candidate of law M.A. Prikhodko
Moscow State University of Law
behalf of O.E. Kutafin,
Russia
Ministry of Police and
the state system of the Russian Empire in the beginning of the XIX century (Historical-legal
aspect)
Manifesto "On the establishment of
ministries" on September 8, 1802 police functions throughout the empire to
the Minister of Internal Affairs have been transferred.
After the establishment of the
ministries have been made a number of attempts theoretical foundation necessary
to establish an independent Police Department. Even in 1803 in the "Note
on the device of judicial and governmental institutions in Russia" M.M. Speranskii police identified as one of the "Principal subjects of any government."
In 1809, in the "Introduction to
the Code of state laws" M.M. Speranskii - a vast plan of reforms in all
its internal political system of the Russian Empire, drawn up on behalf of the
Emperor Alexander I, I criticized the mixing of terms of reference in the
Ministry of Internal Affairs and justify the need for the transfer of
"internal safety" Ministry special police.
These projects, as well as the
successful experience of the French Ministry of Police, restored in 1804,
placed in front of the Emperor Alexander I the task of reorganizing the central
police station.
This reorganization coincided with the
final period of the ministerial reform 1810-1811 period.
Manifesto "On the division of the
state of affairs in the special management, with the definition of objects
belonging to each management" from July 25, 1810 announced the formation
of a new central government agencies - the Ministry of Police.
According to the Manifesto of July 25,
1810 in the Police Department competence included internal security.
On the same day, July 25, 1810 the
Minister of Police was appointed A.D. Balashov.
"Highest approved the division of
public affairs, the ministries" on August 17, 1810 specified the
composition of the cases transferred from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to
the Ministry of Police.
"The general establishment of the ministries"
on June 25, 1811 confirmed the general subject of reference of the Ministry of
police- all institutions for internal security-related protection. Along with
the "Common agency ministries" on June 25, 1811 it was approved by
the "Establishment of the Police Department," defined in detail the
structural unit of the Ministry of Police.
In accordance with the "Institution
of the Ministry of Police" on 25 June 1811 the basic structural units of
the Police Department of the Ministry of Steel and economic police, the
Department of Executive Police, Department of Medicine, Medical Council General
Office of the Ministry of Police, particularly the Office of the Minister of
Police and the Council to the Minister of Police.
The second part of the
"Institutions Police Department" on June 25, 1811 - "Mandate of
the Ministry of Police", determines the essence of power is entrusted to
the Police Minister, the object of reference and special relationship of police
of the Ministry with other ministries - Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of
Naval Forces, the Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of
education.
Thus were laid the organizational
foundations of a new central institution of the state system of the Russian
Empire.
Literature:
1.
Varadinov N.V. History of the Ministry of Interior. Parts 1-3. St. Petersburg.,
1858-1862.
2.
The state of Russia. Reference Dictionary. Book 3, Moscow, 2001.
3.
Eroshkin N.P. Russian Ministry of the 1st half of the nineteenth century - the
original owners of the central state archives of the USSR. M., 1980.