Economic sciences/4.
Investment activity and fund markets
Bachkir I.G.
Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrogradsky State Polytechnic
University, Ukraine
TRANSFER of
TECHNOLOGIES AS MEANS of COMMERCIALIZATION in INNOVATIVE PROJECTS
In
Ukraine during last decades technological lag observed in comparison with the developed countries, and, as a result,
decline of competitiveness of economy in the country, braking highly
technological industries of development , drop of labour force quality. One
reason of this inconsistence of pursuing of scientific-technological and
innovative policy and its low efficiency. Successful commercialization of
scientifically research and developmental workings out continue to be perceived as a result of automatic
process, begin with scientific research and subsequent advancement through
stages development, financing, production, marketing and next distribution
(including international level). Managers mostly fight for improvement of indices only
the separate stage of process, not trying to understand connections of the
different stages of commercialization process. Not enough attention is paid
to establishing connections between many organizations which are involved in
the process of scientific researches results moving to market. Extremely low
transfer of technological decisions for modernization of Ukrainian economy under
conditions of growing competition, a substantial rise in prices at all stages in
general innovative process are required enterprise activity concerning the
problems of technology commercialization.
There
is an insufficient competitiveness of vertical-integrated companies began to
regenerate in Ukraine. Their multivectorial specialization and forming not in
highly technological, but in material-extractive sector intensifies raw
material specialization in Ukraine. It is the obstacle for modernization and
restructuring of domestic industry on bases of progressive technological and
organizational innovations. Technological innovations acquire the importance in
providing proof economic growing both macro- and micro levels of management,
convert activity in research-and-developments in the field of science and
technology in higher labour productivity, improving life quality, making new
workplaces and solving other economic problems of the country. New era of worldwide
competitiveness characterized by appropriate changes in replacement of funds
into technologies and also by cooperation of different enterprises in the field
of technology commercialization dictated the timely quick-change innovation
requirements.
In the
light of observed changes it is necessary to determine two principal problems:
necessity of improvement of international transfer technologies mechanism and
proper co-operation of private and public sectors; necessity of the opened and
improved forms of international cooperation in where technics and technology
indissoluble related to trade and economic growth. On the whole decisions must
be determined with authenticity of successful commercialization which is
determined by followings properties: to lead leading international positions according
to certain problem; to attain the level of competitors which have the
advantages in certain production and/or at the market; outgo the competitors,
providing advantages in scientific and economic sphere.
Today
growing actualization concerning the problem of transfer and commercialization
technologies is determined by the increasing interest of scientific
establishments and industrial enterprises in the applied use of scientific and development
research results. However, it should be mentioned the complication of commercialization
process: for 2 new technically feasible decisions, it is necessary in average
no less than 11 new scientific ideas; from 49 technically feasible decisions to
the stage of patent registration reaches on the average only 4; only 1 from 8
patented inventions is implemented in production; necessary commercial result
after leading out to the market is achieved the average only for one of 5
worked inventions. The statistical data concerning technologies analysis transfer
in Ukraine demonstrated that part of general quantity of new technologies,
purchased by domestic industrial enterprises in Ukraine and abroad 2004, was 24,2%
from the general quantity of purchased technologies, so the domestic innovation
were preferred advantage. Technologies, received in composition of given
investments, were 2,8 % from their general quantity, 0,7 % of them were
purchased in Ukraine, 2,1 % - abroad. Leasing holds an insignificant place (0,1
%) testifying the industrial enterprises do not pay much attention to this form
of new technologies acquisition in Ukraine. The territory of license agreements
(on 37 %) is gradually diminishing, that confirms the gradual loss on foreign
markets intellectual property.
Poltava
Region was ranked 8th among the 12 Ukrainian regions covered by Ukraine's
Competitiveness Report. The region is far behind Ukraine's average level in the
field of innovations and technological readiness. FDI is not used to transfer
technologies in the region. Poltava was ranked 96th in innovations, at the
level of Panama. Lack of researchers and engineers in the region, as well as
low level of university-industry research collaboration led to this poor
result.
The directivity
of management for search and realization of innovative-technological
initiatives directed on satisfaction of society’s needs will stipulate the
rapid growth of Ukrainian economy.
The
most important forms of international and internal transfer of technological
innovations used in world practice and which it is rational to activate in
Ukraine, are purchase and sale of licenses on innovation, transmission of
technological achievements on the basis of leasing, and also scientific and
technical results exchange on the base of joint ventures activity. The
effective method of active advancement of commercialization technology projects
is involving of technological broker services, the expansion of their
importance is stipulated by innovative technologies transformation from local
and national to the levels to international one.
Literature:
1.
Федулова Л.І. Інноваційна економіка: Підручник. - Київ:
Либідь, 2006. -480с.
2.
Економіст: Літопис подій, особистості, ідеї, аналітика й
дослідження //Ін-т економіки та прогнозуванняя НАН України, Держ.
економіко-технол. ун-т трансп. - К. Економіст.- К., 2008. - № 2 - С.24-28.