Sviloguzova A., student
Yakovleva O., lecturer
Kryvyi Rih Technical University
International technology transfer in
Ukraine
The
dynamic development of international economy has caused deepening globalization
processes in the world economy. Today, new competitive conditions for business
entities emerge that objectively affect all levels and areas of their
interaction with the environment and developing new forms of national economies
competitiveness. The role of international technology transfer has increased in
many countries in the context of increased competition between the economies of
individual countries in the world economy under globalization. This factor
influences the formation of competitive advantages of the countries indirectly
- by influencing country's innovation system and technological changes
occurring in production. Depending on the influence mechanism of international
technology transfer on the country's competitive advantages we can classify two
types of countries: countries that have
formed a competitive advantage by using technology attracted from abroad, and
countries that have guided the development of national economy on domestic
technological advances.
The
full functioning of the economy of any country can not happen without a developed
system of foreign economic relations. Inclusion of the national economy in the world
economic processes affects positively the development of national economy,
promotes technical level of production, rational use of raw materials,
elimination of certain goods, and thus improves people's lives.
A
significant place in social and political life of society occupy the
international relations of the World community, which today consists of more
than 220 countries. Modern countries have different level of economics, social
and spiritual development. This leads to the necessity of constant development
and improvement of international relations, international policy in each
country.
The
modern system of international organizations consists of over 4 thousand institutions.
After World War II a group of global international organizations was formed.
They direct their efforts to promote economic and monetary stability in the
world. Forms and methods of international organizations work, their
relationships with the members of governments determine largely the status and
trends in the economic environment of individual countries and regions.
The
study is a survey of international technology transfer as an instrument of
foreign economic activity. The research goal was realized through solving the
following problems:
- consider the
concept, the role and the nature of commercial forms of technology transfer;
- consider the
notion of international technology exchange in international economic
relations;
- consider the content
of intellectual property legal protection;
- define the modalities
of international technology exchange;
- consider a
mechanism to reduce tax losses in the process of international technology
transfer.
The object of research is a process of international
technology exchange. The subject of research is research operations and
technical trade knowledge.
Methodological
and theoretical research is based on the use of dialectical method of
scientific knowledge, fundamental position of economic theory, achievement of
world science in international economic relations.
The
purpose of the innovation infrastructure is to create conditions for
unification of all the participants of the innovation process. Government
support measures are required to create networks of innovation and information
centers, to organize exhibitions of innovative products and high technologies,
innovation contests, etc..
International
technology transfer creates opportunities for national economic development not
only based on its own innovation capacity through exports and imports but through
the use of advanced and innovative world-class novelty.
Undeveloped
innovation base of Ukraine which minimizes the share of the country in export
technology and inability to commercialize borrowed technologies rapidly is a
result of an imperfect structure of import technologies.
The
world financial crisis has exacerbated the problems of innovative development
of Ukraine, including decreased internal and external innovation funding,
reduced competitiveness and innovative potential of Ukraine. Public funding
should focus on priority projects for the innovative technology production.
In
order to improve the state of Ukraine in the international transfer of
technologies it is necessary to improve the regulatory framework. The system of
measures at macro and micro levels must be implemented to optimize the structure
of technologies exports and imports in Ukraine. At the enterprise level an
organizational and economic system of selection, acquisition and implementation
of borrowed world-class innovations must be developed and implemented.
Competition
creates considerable stimulus for innovation activity of the companies, so it is
necessary to create more competitive conditions in some industries and sectors
of Ukraine’s economy.
Very
important steps to improve Ukraine's place on the international market are greater
involvement of international factors, including world leaders, direct and indirect
capital investors in the development of innovation infrastructure and
realization of innovation projects.
In view
of the above the current challenge facing the country is the development and
implementation of transformation mechanisms of the nation's intellectual
resources and intellectual capital of the Ukrainian society in the production
of material and spiritual wealth.