к.тех.н. доцент., Койшиева Т.К., Шермантаева Ж.У
Международный казахско-турецкий Университет им. Х.А.ЯСАВИ, Казахстан
This article
deals with the systems of concepts maintenances training of information
technology applied in object-oriented designing
The
main task of higher educational institution is not only to arm with knowledge
the future experts, but also to pay attention to formation of persons, to give
the chance to improve creative abilities. We should look at them not only as
the future experts, but also to create their possibilities to feel as the part
of the society, as the creative persons, the owners of the future and a supporter
of people.
By using a method
of the object-oriented designing as one of directions of vocational training of
the future experts, we can define important information concepts for our
researches. Examining of the features of certain branches in maintenances of
training information technology means in the object-oriented designing and
methods corresponding to positions of the object-oriented designing, we mean
the maintenance of training of subject branch of information technology means.
Including the objective
model as the maintenance of training of information technology, we mean models
with following properties:
-
The model created on the basis of object-oriented planning in system of
information technology, it answers to the requirements of objective models
(abstraction, encapsulation, modular, hierarchical) and it was created for
representation of logic structure of the maintenance of training in system of
information technology;
-
It represents set of the interconnected and cooperating classes
corresponding to elements to the maintenance of training systems of information
technology;
-
Each class of model can be elementary (simple) or not elementary
(difficult) because of properties and forms;
-
Each class has last complexes of
the methods characterizing a condition and attributes of the given class;
- Each
class can be in the ratio with other classes. Relations can be in three kinds:
associative, hereditary, aggregation and used;
- The
model is offered in the form of the diagram and the tables designating logic
structures of different branches of the maintenance of training.
The
tendency of the object-oriented planning in respect of training of information
technology means consists of the following:
1) to
define significant functions of studied means and to define features of a set
of functions in significant functions of studied means.
2) to
Separate properties of significant classes at the heart of studied classes.
3) to
Define a limit of powers of various classes
4) to
Create among themselves operating scenario of objective classes
The
above-named stages correspond to stages of the object-oriented designing,
notifies specificity of the educational maintenance of systems of information
technology. It is necessary to note features between the purpose and the
maintenance of objective-modeling planning because on the basis of it produces the
software and carried out the object-oriented planning of the educational
maintenance of information technology system. First of all it is necessary to
offer high level which will be a good basis on constructions of logic and
physical structure of program object. To realize characteristic communications
of classes presented by objective model it is necessary to define structure of
a program code in advance. In the second turn, it is required to choose from
offered requirements of the maintenance of training of objective-modeling
functions.
As the
result of the object-oriented planning we can define following:
- Diagrams of classes and the tables, a limit
of privileges displaying classes and communications between them;
- Classes of objects influencing among
themselves and the diagrams of objects showing directions of transferable
objects;
- The scenario of objects among themselves
specifies actions offered in the objective program. The scenario displays the
actions of modeling objects among themselves ordered on time with a view of
execution of functions, classes among themselves connected by significant
functions. The specification is - the text information fragments, which
explains the models making of the maintenance of training. Into its structure
enters – to define the reason of expansion of a certain class, to define ways
of performance of actions of the maintenance, to characterize possible
receptions of expansion and detailing models, methodical instructions for
studying of concepts of modeling classes, etc.
To offer modeling classes and their interrelation, there is used special
tables together with diagrams.
The table of a zone of competence consists of 3 particles: the name
class, attribute of a class, methods and class receptions, and the classes
connected with it. To display communication between classes, it is possible to
use the special tables with diagrams. The table consists from 3 columns. In the
first and third columns there are given the names of classes which will make connection
and in the second column is given the type of connection. To reveal the type of
connection there are used the following designations:
1.
Association: А-В (there is a connection between A class and B class)
2.
Aggregation A ← B (class B is the component of the class A)
3.
Hereditary A ═ (B, C, D …) (B, C, D are successors of class A
)
4. Force
of interrelation is given in inside square brackets near to a connection sign.
We
don’t know the quantity of connection, because there is no power sign there, it
means that it is impossible to define or there is no value. Tables of a zone of
components and connection corresponds to diagrams of classes, sometimes tables
can be useful because it is possible to recommend beautifully and shortly
attributes and methods of the classes all connections in which they are used.
1) the
scenario is given in the form of set columns. Each of them characterizes methods
of certain model. Each column consists of two parts. In the top part it is
entitled a class and the name of methods, and below is described the structure
of the method.
2) the
Initial class calls methods of other classes. It is given in the most extreme
column at the left.
3) there
is given the name before the method description and if to specify the structure
description, there can be repeated the name in a square bracket, in the
structure of a method.
4) If
the class method calls other methods of the same class then before a called
method there is put arrow «→»;
5) If
one class calls a method of other class on the right side then before a called
class it is put «→», on the contrary, «←». In this case the arrow
is put between columns and put forward from a called class lengthways column.
6) If
the called method intends to several objective classes together then with an
arrow of the parameter is offered the defining invitation
7) In the course of the method description can
be offered following standard structures of management: IF, [ELSE [IF]] ENDIF,
CASE ENDCASE, DO ENDOO, WHILE ENDWHILE. Besides, there can be given the
operator of assignment and pseudo-code elements.
8) In
the most right column there is usually given the explanatory of the description
of a method: the full name and the parameters are entered and deduced through a
symbol is «;». To specify conditions through management structure elements of «//».
9) To
understand exact sense sometimes it is necessary to use attributes and
parameters with similar names. To keep unambiguity of names of parameters and
local turns they are italicized. Each of models in objective maintenances of
training of information technology offers logic structure, in what that degrees
has the purpose to divide concrete structure of means for some parts. Degree of
dividing to parts, is that the level approached define to concrete structure by
the purpose and the training requirement.
Information technology means are served as definitional device made on
the basis of a method of the object-oriented planning of the maintenance of
training, process of planning describing stages of the annual device of the
objectively-directed planning based on the theory and rules of the objective
preconditions put forward on the basis of researches, used for an effective utilization
of the structural tool of the maintenance of training of information technology.
The technology of the object-oriented planning of the maintenance of
training is based on the above-named methodology and uses the ready strategy
system. It provides performance of a stage of planning, in view of specificity
of each subject. In this point there are considered the established system and
requirements connected with objective model, which make stages of the object-oriented
planning of information technology means in the maintenance of training. To
create objective model of program systems, there are used the program strategy
and system of templates strategy and is offered «to create new strategy».
Specificity of modeling object and the purpose of creation of model make
features of convenience. In the course of creation of objective model of
program circle manufacturers analyze the purposes of the created environment,
specificity of the used environment, possibility of used tools etc. In our case
it needs to define strategy, templates to execute return process of formal description
means: in view of specificity of reconstruction on ready system to restore
objective model – it is required to use planning the maintenance of model of an
educational tendency. The main purpose of creation of objective model of the
maintenance of training for the future teachers is to define the possibilities
which gives the information system:
- To separate concepts, objects and their
structures which need to be formed; to specify the main features of objective
classes, significant functions of system and communication with other systems.
- It is necessary to define operation kinds
which is necessary to study and their multilevel number.
- To specify connection between modeling
objects and circuit activity.
- To create multilevel system exercises of
different complexity, and to require different methods to solve them: from simple reproductive – «to
execute action on the given object», to research and creative «create system of
objects cooperating to provide performance of the given function
So in
conclusion, we have considered concepts of system which are the key components
of objective-planning process. This system of definition are based on the
general directions which are used in the course of planning. It is required for
the object-oriented planning in the maintenance of training of information
technology means with specificity of subject branch, to provide performance of
the given function.
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Михеева Е.В.Информационные технологии в
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