G.S. Perederiy, D.O. Lastkov, O.V. Partas, D.S. Zayka, M.I.Yezheleva
CONTROL
IMPROVEMENT OF WORK SAFETY AND HEALTH OF MINERS ON THE BASE OF AUTOMATED SYSTEM
OF COMPLEX SAFETY
M. Gorky Donetsk national medical university, Donetsk city, Ukraine
Actuality of the problem of control improvement of
industrial safety, miners’ protection and hygiene of labour is connected with
the high level of sanitary-technical danger in coal mines [1, 2]. According to
the indices occupational traumatism and occupational pathology coal industry is
one of the most dangerous branches [3, 4]. Latest developments in this branch
confirm significance of the problem.
Complications on the way of successful decision of the
problem are connected with absence of coordination among state organizations and establishments providing safety
of work, labour protection and occupational health of miners. It’s also
connected with functional dissociation between organizational structures of
protection and medicine of labour, absence of united conception and unified
approach of occupational risks control and management [5, 6]. From the
occupational point of view search of the means of rational regulation and
interaction of that questions demands organization of united system of miners’
life and occupational health maintenance [7, 8]. One of the most important tasks
of the mentioned theme is inventory and structuring
of informational resources for work in the united informational space,
selection of links that are liable to formalization and algorithmization for
elaboration and introduction of modern prevention technologies of accidents,
industrial accidents and occupational diseases; optimization of measures and
material costs for liquidation of accidents’ consequences.
Aim of work is integration of technologies of
generation and use of informational databases of emergency control and
protection autonomous systems, monitoring of work conditions and health state
of miners into united system of complex safety (SCS) for prevention of emergency
and liquidation of emergency consequences,
prevention of accidents and occupational diseases, decision of tasks of
medical-social help for workers and preservation of branch labour potential on
the basis of assessment and management of occupational risks.
Functioning of complex
safety system as united informational-analytical system has to be provided by
branch-wise services of protection and occupational medicine by Ministry of coal industry (MCI) of
Ukraine and Ministry of public health (MPH) of Ukraine [9]. For realization of
that Ministries by a joint effort must: - develop
and implement normative-methodical support of automated emergency control and
protection technologies, liquidation of emergency consequences, monitoring of
work conditions and health state of workers for maintenance of complex safety system’s effective work with
use of modern computer and telecommunication decisions; - create
and organize work of theoretical and practical IAC of work safety maintenance,
preservation of life and occupational health state of miners on the basis of M.
Gorky Donetsk national medical university (DonMU) and Makeievka research
institute (MakRI); - develop and assert methods on organization of informational databases,
ensure standardization and unification of information, regimens and order of its
use; - determine
establishments and organizations ensuring realization of purpose and main tasks
on complex safety of workers; - implement control of works’ fulfillment on
realization of programs on generation and maintenance of emergency control and
protection systems; liquidation of emergency consequences, implementation of
workers’ conditions of work and health state monitoring etc.; - analyze
and summarize information on the level of certain coal enterprise, corporation
of state coal enterprises, administrative
areas, coal regions, on the branch and state levels.
Solving of life preservation problems and problems of
miners’ occupation health maintenance demand
implementation of corresponding technologies of monitoring directed at
continuous control of industrial factors’ influence on workers as a necessary
condition for effective management of occupational health and working ability
maintenance, preservation of labour potential of coal branch. Systematic
control, analysis , assessment and prognosis of workers’ health state,
determination of cause-effect relations between health state and unfavorable
industrial factors’ influence, management of occupational risks is entrusted service
of workers’ labour and health protection [10-13].
Implementation of control of work conditions and
workers’ health state in harmful and risky conditions of coal mines is
regulated by: - Safety regulations in coal mines; - The law of Ukraine “About
ensuring of sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of population”; - Decree of
Cabinet Council of Ukraine № 442 from 01.08.92 “About the order of work places
certification according to work conditions”; - Decree of Cabinet Council of
Ukraine № 182 от 22.02.06 “About affirmation of order of state social-hygienic
monitoring”; - Order of MPH of Ukraine № 528 от
27.12.01 “About affirmation of Hygienic classification of work according to
indices of industrial factors’ harmfulness and hazard hardness and intensity of
work”; - Order of MPH of Ukraine№ 246 от 21.05.2007 “About Order
of conduction of medical examinations of certain categories of workers”; - State sanitary rules and regulations: Enterprises of
coal industry (ДСП 3.3.1.095-2002) and other documents.
Technologies of management and use of informational
databases on state of mine air, mining and dynamic phenomenona, dynamics of
technological processes, residence, conditions of work and health state of
miners etc. must correspond to the following requirements: - technical, technological, mining and dynamic,
acoustic, medico-hygienic and other data circulate within the bounds of certain
system; - functioning is
accomplished on the basis of united unified rules of collection, registration,
keeping, transfer, processing and use of information; - informational support of managerial decisions is provided; - coordinated interaction with other systems of all
hierarchy level is provided.
Use of SCS at enterprises of coal industry gives
possibility to accumulate informational data in the united bank and to display
it in the comfortable for user form, to get new characteristics mathematically
processing output data, to conduct statistic processing of information, to
control, forecast and manage changes occurring in the industrial environment,
technological processes, state of workers’ health etc. It allows optimizing
mechanisms of administrative management of industrial safety processes of coal
mining, to increase efficiency of measures on prevention of accidents at work
and workers’ occupational diseases, measures on liquidation of accidents’
consequences etc.
Nowadays presence of normative-methodical development
on methods of identification of harmful industrial factors, assessment and
criteria of cause-effect relations of diseases with work conditions,
determination of occupational risk of health impairments, terms of safe work in
contact with risky factors, grade of occupational work capacity decrease,
procedure of selection of effective methods and scheme of dispensary, health
improvement, treatment and rehabilitation, reliable ways of forecast of
industrial factors’ unfavorable influence on socio-economic characteristics of
certain industry, administrative area, coal region and branch in a whole; also
positive preconditions for use of modern informational technologies of
accessing, keeping and processing of monitoring data of work conditions and
health state of workers will ensure use of more effective model of labour
protection and medico-sanitary service of workers in harmful and risky
conditions at enterprises of coal industry.
The first step for improvement of labour protection
model and medico-sanitary securing of working population of Ukraine was Decree
of Cabinet Council of Ukraine “About affirmation of implementation order of
state socio-hygienic monitoring” from 22.02.2006 № 182. This order strictly
determines basic tasks on introduction of state socio-hygienic monitoring
including conditions of work and health state of workers in risky branches: - formation
of organizational structures of monitoring
fulfillment; - practicing of optimal forms and methods of monitoring
realization; - formation of informational databases on work conditions and
health state of workers; - elaboration of standard algorithms of effective
management of managerial decisions on life and occupational health
preservation.
A key element of monitoring management of work
conditions and health state of miners at the enterprise is its functional
services and structural units on labour protection and medicine. These services
and units provide not only the organization and conduction of medical
examinations, certification of work places, time-keeping of work time, records
of cases of occupational diseases, occupational injuries, sudden cardiac death,
myocardial infarction and stroke associated with conditions of work, but also
formation of database on work conditions and health state of workers,
preparation of materials for making effective managerial decisions by plant
management to improve safety planning activities, for the normalization of
occupational environment parameters, hardness and intensity of work,
preparation of plans for technical upgrading and socio-economic development of
industry.
Each coal company operates a register (database).
Computer technology of work conditions and health state of workers monitoring
will provide creation of primary online database by introduction of results of
work places certification and preventive medical examinations of miners by
specialists of labour protection and medical staff of mining aid posts.
Procedure of database formation substantially
simplifies in case of use of automated system of time-keeping of working hours
(ASTK). ASTK provides accumulation of information on each worker concerning his
age, sex, clock number, home address, occupation, work place, date of start and
end of work. Technology of automated monitoring is supplied with package of
application codes compatible with informational systems of such servers as Microsoft®
Windows® Server 2003, СУБД - Sybase® SQL Anywhere® etc. and can be easily integrated into SCS. On
demand SCS will provide information for creation of united online database of: - work conditions on the work place; - personal
experienced dose of above-standard influence of industrial factors on miners; - personal
terms of safe work in contact with harmful industrial factors; - personal
characteristics and assessments of health state of miners; - groups
of health (medical supervision).
Integrated into SCS automated systems of
time-keeping of working hours or positioning of the personnel, data of work
places certification according to work conditions in electronic format,
personal data of occupational history from work record cards and data of health
state according to the results of preliminary and periodic medical examinations
are used for formation of databases on work conditions and health state of
workers. They provide accumulation of personalized information not only on
quantity of worked shifts but data about age, clock number, home address,
health state, profession or position, work place or work zone, period of
staying there, hygienic and ergonomic parameters of industrial environmental
factors, list of industries, industrial bays and professions (occupations,
positions) on which person has been working during labour activity in
consideration of period of work on each work place.
As a result of automated systematization
of work places’ certification data list of work places with harmful and
dangerous industrial factors and their sources is made. All of the job hazards
are differentiated according to the grade of deviation from norm. Belonging of
the work places to the certain industrial bay, numerical strength and
occupational pattern of workers in such conditions are taken into account.
Results of work conditions and health
state of workers monitoring on every industrial bay of the coal mine are
registered into the log of records management of dust, vibration, noise and
other industrial loads on workers and officials according to the approved form
in the automatic mode. Personal outcome of levels of mean-shift dustiness of
working zone air, equivalent corrected level of vibration, equivalent level of
noise is made in the log at the end of every month. Data of occupational history,
cards with quantity of worked shifts and cards of work conditions according to
the results of work places certification for every worker are processed by SCS and are given monthly to the section foreman, manager of labour
protection and coal management in the form of accumulated during record of
service dust, vibration, noise loads, actual term of work in contact with
harmful factors, calculated value of safe period of work in such conditions,
risks of occupational diseases development for administrative management on
normalization of work conditions, health improvement, rehabilitation,
reasonability of continuation of employment relationships with worker in case
of pensionable age attainment etc.
Coordination of monitoring management of work
conditions and health state of workers at the coal mines has to be realized by
Theoretical and practical informational analytical center of labour protection,
maintenance of life and occupational health of miners. Composition of this
center must include key specialists of DonNMU and MakRI (picture).
Technology of work conditions and health state of
workers monitoring provides parallel transfer of primary data on work
conditions, health state of workers and their occupational history with the
help of Internet to Theoretical and practical informational analytical center
of labour protection, maintenance of life and occupational health of miners for
data processing, on-line analysis and data storage. As a result of intensive
professional migration of workers within the coal industry, branch and
inter-branch migration and frequent change of work places and work conditions
our program provides quarterly update of personal information.
The work of the center has to be directed at
development, approval and adoption of automated technology of work conditions
and health state of workers monitoring; formation of databases of work
conditions and health state of workers; rendering of expert and consultative
medical-technical services; ascertainment of cause-effect relations between
health state of workers and influence of industrial factors; making of
prognosis of sanitary-hygienic situations, occupational health of workers,
structure and stages of occupational morbidity; modeling of social-economic tendency;
dataware of effective management of occupational risks, health improvement and
rehabilitations of workers; development of conception and preparation of
branch, interbranch and national programs of improvement of safety protection, labour
hygiene and industrial environment.
Data of social-hygienic monitoring that enters
Theoretical and practical informational analytical center of labour protection,
maintenance of life and occupational health of miners will be systematically analyzed by the specialists of
corresponding scientific-analytical units and will be given to coal mines and
government services in a form of analytic reports or notes routinely or on
request. Preventive, health-improving and rehabilitation measures on decrease of
occupational risks, maintenance of ability to work and occupational health of
workers will be elaborated by medical workers together with specialists on labour
protection and economists of coal industry, specialists of Theoretical
and practical informational analytical center. Suggested measures will be
supplemented with recommendations on administration of compensations and
preferential propositions for work in harmful and heavy-load conditions in accordance with established order. Material costs on
realization of suggested measures according to the special methodic will be
determined, medico-social and economic effect from their use in different
combinations will be forecasted and assessed. Such analytical information will
provide optimization of choice of management strategy of occupational risks and
prevention of occupational diseases by top management of coal mines, government
enterprises, territorial form of executive government and institutions of local
governments, coal industry in a whole.
Participation of Theoretical and practical
informational analytical center of labour protection, maintenance of life and
occupational health of miners in elaboration of conception and program of coal
industry development will consist in forecast of sanitary-hygienic situation, medical
and socio-economic consequences of coal mines’ deepening, use of new mining
engineering and technology of mining operations, closure of old mines and
opening of new ones, aging of personnel, adoption of legislative acts of social
orientation, and also in modeling of mechanisms and ways of impact on the
expected situation of reduction in safe work level, capacity for work and
occupational health of miners.
System of complex safety introduced at S.M. Kirov mine
of government enterprise “Makeievugol” is absolutely suitable for realization
of creation and use technology of databases on work conditions and health state
of miners. Large majority of domestic and foreign automated systems of control
and management used in coal mines at present are in agreement with SCS. They
are systems of control of coal mine environmental parameters, mining equipment,
harmful and risky industrial factors, positioning of personnel etc. Quantity of
systems coordinated with SCS steadily increases [14].
Integrated into SCS described above technology can be
used on majority of Ukrainian coal mines even today. It will provide
generation, periodic update and retention of databases on: - work conditions and sources of industrial harmful
factors, level of harmfulness and danger according to the results of work
places certification; -
personal occupational history of workers in a form of list of professions and
positions occupied during labour activity according to data of work record
cards; - health state of
workers, its dynamic according to the results of medical examinations.
Methods of statistic, informational, software and
telecommunication safety of new technology enable to get live data, to process
history and new data on-line with the purpose of: - on-line control of concentrations and effect levels of industrial
environmental factors, parameters of hardness and intensity of work; - acquisition of results of hygienic examination of
workers’ occupational history with calculations of personal experience dose of
harmful factors’ influence; identification of actual and safe terms of work in
harmful conditions, risk level of occupational disease development; - generation of workers’ register working in harmful
and dangerous work conditions; -
generation of list of persons subject to regular or extraordinary medical
examination; - assessment of results of
comparison of work conditions and health state of workers between separate
production sections and services, professions, coal mines, association of
government enterprises, regions for determination of mechanisms of occupational
morbidity formation and substantiation of influence measures; - optimization of choice order of standard decisions
on occupational risks management for making the most effective decisions and
plans on prevention of occupational diseases by the management of coal mine,
government enterprise and branch in a whole.
Register of workers with differentiation on those who
are healthy, sick and are in “risk groups” was made on the ground of work
fulfilled at S.M. Kirov mine and consisted of personal hygienic examination of
occupational history, assessment of work conditions and dynamic of worker’s
health state. After that lists of persons subject to regular or extraordinary
medical examination were made; participation of doctors of certain
specialization in conduction of medical examinations was substantiated; volume,
methods, periodicity and terms of examinations were determined. Recommendations
as to individual regulation of industrial loads, rational job placement of sufferers
and choice of the most effective policy of dispensary examinations were
prepared. Procedure of cause-effect relations determination between disease in
case of its development and work conditions acquired objectivity with use of
occupational risks conception.
Therewith those data enable to decide questions of job
placement when employing or transferring to another position.
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Г.С.
Передерий, Д.О. Ластков, О.В. Партас, Д.С. Зайка, М.И. Ежелева
УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ КОНТРОЛЯ ЗА БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬЮ
РАБОТ И ЗДОРОВЬЕМ ШАХТЕРОВ НА БАЗЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ
БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Донецкий
национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького,
г. Донецк, Украина