Экономические науки/13. Региональная экономика

Candidate of Engineering Sciences. Stepan V. Khachin.

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia

Problems of functioning of an innovative ecosystem in Russia

Creation of the Russian innovative ecosystem takes place a difficult stage. Modernization of domestic technologies is required, it is necessary to replace considerable part of the worn-out equipment. Still reorganization of process of introduction of innovations, including, revision of all procedures which accompany the innovative project on all its course of life is more necessary. Today in Russia it is created, so-called, "rigid" innovative infrastructure in Russia: incubators, centers of a transfer of technologies, etc. However, a big positive effect for stimulation of innovative activity in the country it isn't observed. For the solution of this task bigger value has formation regional innovative ecosystems.

Process of formation of an ideal innovative ecosystem submits to certain rules, and develops step by step. From this the conclusion follows that if these steps are, so on their basis it is possible to construct model of ideal development of an innovative ecosystem.

As a whole creation of innovative economy and a control system of it consists in basic restructuring of the directions of the development, new approaches to justification of priorities, considerable modernization of methods and forms of use of resources at all levels of innovative system, radical transformation of interaction "sciences — business — the power — society". In this context as one of the significant directions of formation of innovative economy its regional aspect acts.

Sustainable development of such difficult open social and economic systems as the region, in modern conditions it is impossible without large-scale system use of results of scientific and technical activity, a support on an innovation. That these results found application, the adequate organization of innovative processes is necessary. And it, in turn, demands creation of the corresponding control system, capable to assume performance of the designated functions.

Now value of an innovative factor in national economy amplifies. In modern conditions development of science becomes an indispensable condition of creation of preconditions of sustainable spiritual, intellectual, scientific and technical and social and economic development of society and the state. High technologies — it is that sphere which can solve the most ambitious problems in social and economic development of any state. They are that powerful lever by means of which many countries not only overcome recession in economy, but also provide its restructuring and sate the market with various competitive production.

In Russia the ecosystem only is formed, including, in the last four-five years, with participation of the state institutes of development. Concern of the state is clear: without system work in this direction the country is doomed to that emergence of the innovative companies with breakthrough technologies and will remain from now on rather single stories of success, than the mass phenomenon. Meanwhile evolutionary market process of a occurrence of an ecosystem of innovations proceeds quite slowly.

While in the Russian innovative system, anyway, the set of sub quality work is found:

• Dissociation of the key communities concerning innovative process: carriers of scientific and technical examination, developers, businessmen with experience of implementation of innovative and technological projects, venture investors, representative of large corporations, as potential consumers of high technologies, etc. Due to the lack of cross communications participants innovative constantly have a feeling of deficiency of ideas, projects, business competences, examinations, infrastructure or investments, even in cases when actually such deficiency doesn't exist. It is pleasant, nevertheless, that in separate branches of the Russian economy self-organization of innovative community after all happened. For example, in IT sector and biopharmaceutics. At supranational level insufficient integration of the Russian innovative ecosystem in world is noticeable that complicates transformation of domestic venture projects into global businesses.

• Lack of the infrastructure supporting the small innovative enterprises which is observed in spite of the fact that almost all infrastructure elements what only are thought up in the world, for the last fifteen years appeared and in Russia: business incubators, science and technology parks, educational and business and equipment implementation centers and so forth. Today in Russia over hundred business incubators, and more than 60 science and technology parks work. However, real estate objects and preferential rates of rent in itself aren't capable to provide successful development of the innovative resident companies. Insufficient efficiency of business incubators and science and technology parks – result of that it in most cases isn't possible to turn into a convenient platform on which all key communities being part of an ecosystem of innovations could develop the activity. In addition, there is an obvious deficiency of the universal and industry service companies rendering specialized services for the innovative enterprises.

• Lack of sufficient number of the innovative projects attractive to investors, especially at an early stage. Substantially it is caused by shortage at developers of the business competences, allowing to bring projects to a condition of investment appeal, and also experience of interaction with representatives of the venture capital.

Introduction in a civil turn of intellectual property which is available at the disposal of establishments of science and education is complicated and is created on budgetary funds. The situation changed with adoption of the federal law "about modification of separate acts of the Russian Federation concerning creation by the budgetary scientific and educational institutions of economic societies for practical application (introduction) of results of intellectual activity" (217-FL) in July, 2009. The law consolidated the right of scientific and educational institutions to create economic societies, to bring in their authorized capitals of a right to use intellectual property and to attract the third-party organizations as cofounders. However 217-FL establishes also a number of restrictions which interfere with active participation of the venture capital in creation of the similar companies.

• Lack of the expressed interest in the market of innovative technologies and production from large Russian business, as main customer. Even available demand for innovations from real sector often badly is articulated. To large business is more habitual if to be engaged in innovations, to generate them inside, and from the outside to take just reliable and approved that already in a root there doesn’t correspond to definition “Innovation”. Small innovative firms hardly find the consumer in Russia for the technologies among the large companies as the last often have no mechanisms for integration of the innovations created outside. One of consequences is a leakage of the technologies created by the Russian startups, abroad.

• Legislative discomfort in activity of funds of direct and venture investments and information startups. Analogs of the organizational and legal forms which are widely used by the foreign venture industry, in Russia are absent, and existing forms nonflexible and don’t consider specifics of a venture; sufficient level of protection of interests of investors isn’t provided; features of currency and customs control complicate foreign economic activity of the innovative companies. All this leads to that in the conditions of the global competition of jurisdictions many highly technological businesses and carriers of innovative ideas are anyway washed away from Russia and move to jurisdictions with conditions, more optimum for development.

In global sense lack of fully functioning ecosystem of innovations puts Russia in the least advantageous situation – at the very beginning of a world chain of innovative repartition of knowledge. It reduces our country to the status of the supplier of innovative raw materials – ideas and brains on the basis of which the countries with more developed economy build effective businesses and an advanced science.

Literature:

1 Yaroslavl plan 10-15-20/Pavis K. E. Hayter K. Satinsky 2010.

2 Dan Breznitz. Innovation and the State: Political Choice and Strategies for Growth in Israel, Taiwan, and Ireland (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007): 49.