Zubenko
Natalia Yurevna
candidate of pedagogical sciences
doctoral candidate of chair of the theory and
pedagogics history
Institute of pedagogics and education psychology
Moscow city pedagogical university
Sukhova
Elena Ivanovna
doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor,
professor of chair of the theory and pedagogics
history
Institute of pedagogics and education psychology
Moscow city pedagogical university
Ecological and cultural safety of education as basis
of providing a sustainable development of the world
Survival of mankind in the modern world is
connected with a solution of the problem of continuous positive development of
the society, that number of concerning its such many-sided aspect as what
ecological safety acts. In Russia the rating of environmental problems in
recent years considerably decreased. It is caused by that in modern real life
of the Russian society economic and social factors level environmental
problems. From here underestimation by society of importance of the solution of
these problems in all spheres of activity of the person as one of the main
conditions of a sustainable development of society.
That the mankind is involved in ecological
crisis of global scale, became already admitted fact. We badly imagine what
will be future society, and have to form very carefully strategy of its
development, N. N. Moiseyev notes. But one we know for certain - only rather
educated society will be capable to overcome those difficulties, which any more
only on the horizon: breath of approaching trouble is felt on all planet. That
is why education, formation of the complete thinking, capable to affect system
of modern values, is a foremost task of domestic school of sciences. This way
will be difficult as will demand reorganization of society, education of new
morals, moral.
Dependence of activity of the person on
environment and technosphere at the same time in many respects defines
priorities of development of society of the XXI century, influences culture
evolution. Only the science and a corresponding education level of the
population can answer a question: how to keep balance how to save the world
from collapse. We share the point of view of I.N.Shvanyova that the people
possessing necessary properties of psychologically steady personality can give
the answer to this question, i.e. her structural parameters (the mental
nature), a physiological optimality (physical health), social properties –
spirituality and creativity.
The main cause of destruction of consciousness
of our society is that the withdrawal pains of socioeconomic way, a political
system pass without a special cultural and historical Russian factor, an
originality of its development, features of a spiritual genofund of the people.
In this context the concept "culture" we consider as set of norms and
the rules regulating any forms of activity of people, as installation of
consciousness of people that their interests and requirements have to be
satisfied not in any ways however they were utilitarianly effective but only
accepted for the nature, society and the person on the consequences and the
price. From a culture position, the purpose not always justifies means. From
here the special role of culture is represented as historically saved up bank
of socially acceptable means of satisfaction of human wants, and also
evolutionarily mastered stages of harmonization of communications of people
with the world.
It is known that prospect of development of any society, т.ч. and Russian,
depends on how it prepares younger generation for independent life and activity
in education, education, creation of conditions for integration into the social
device and its further transformation; what purposes will be chosen for themselves
by her young citizens, and what ways of achievement of these purposes they will
plan.
Proceeding from it, the developing in world
community natural, socioeconomic, cultural relations in the XXI century testify
that fast turns are gathered by a new phase of development of a civilization in
which the person will feel safely.
The identity of safe type is the person
realizing, high sense of the activity, the mission, seeking to live in a
consent with itself, the surrounding nature, harmoniously combining the active
creative beginning with counteraction to the evil and life preservation on
Earth and in the Universe, ready to the most resolute actions for the sake of
high ideals of protection of the Fatherland respecting the history and
traditions of the Homeland.
Education, according to V.A.Sidorkin, has to
become a key link in formation of the identity of the "safe" type
focused on creation and development of society and realizing need and value of
the life and health. Among paramount problems of training the author sees
formation at the teenager of the responsible relation to safe activity and
health of the person in general.
From our point of view ecological and cultural
safe education of the young man is connected with formation level in it the
spiritual beginning being primordial and natural measurement of human
mentality, having idea about own picture of the world. Emasculation of the
spiritual beginning, absence of the spiritual and moral program on education of
younger generation led domestic school to increase of number of emotional and
psychosomatic diseases: symptoms of frustration of mood, violation of structure
of hierarchy of motives, mysleobrazovaniye violation, violation of criticality
and спонтанностъ behavior of its participants.
At public level the unichizheniye truly ideal in a cultural heritage, leads to
leveling of cultural wealth, including historically developed at each people,
to destruction of the life on our planet.
Spirituality is the most important factor of
existence of a civilization, opening of new forms of the public life
corresponding to changed living conditions. During evolutionary development
human community, unconsciously protecting itself from the evil, established a
ban which were embodied in cultural customs. These customs became unconscious
congenital motives of such forms of emotions as love, interest, care, kindness,
bravery. Genetic memory of preservation of cultural features of each people in
the course of evolution of human society was fixed in development of moral standards
and formation of system of values.
Ideal always acted as criterion of those
transformations of reality which happened in evolutionary process of
theoretical and practical activities of people on Earth. The similar condition
in the person gained relative independence, became the active beginning of its
safe activity. Understanding in itself the spiritual beginning promoted that,
the person could estimate critically results of own transformation of the
nature, and also create culture (instruments of labor, art, religion, moral).
In formation of world culture of viability of the person the system of values
which each specific personality appropriated in the development as a basis of
safe existence in society began to develop. Formation of spiritual needs of the
personality always was the most important problem of education of younger
generation.
Thus, education of spirituality turns into
education of the personality in intellectual, social, cultural and physical
aspects. But at all aspiration to a full development of the personality always
it is necessary to remember her hierarchy, presence of truly spiritual
beginning dominating over all other qualities of the personality, domestic
scientists (N. V. Maslov, E.I.Sukhova, I.N.Shvanyova, etc.) note.
In this regard studying of the identity of
pupils has to be based on the integrated approach considering various factors,
influencing her development. Complete idea of the identity of pupils is a basis
of productive activity of the teacher on formation of identity of pupils and to
creation of the conditions providing development of creative potential of each
school student. The appeal to personal experience of the pupil and natural
biorhythms of a human body gives reduction of time of studying of any subject
several times, releases resources of health of the pupil, leads to economy of
material and financial inputs and gives the chance to increase efficiency of
acquisition of knowledge and abilities in as much time.
However, in domestic standard educational
process features of mentality of a cultural heritage of our society, individual
opportunities of pupils and the teacher on abilities of comfortable perception
of each other aren't always considered. Capable children, about I.N.Shvanyova's
positions, whose real achievements are lower than their opportunities, endure
serious problems in the personal and emotional sphere, and also in the sphere
of the interpersonal relations. Creatives experience discrimination at school
because of orientation of training on levopolusharny, introduced of the Western
cultures, the technocratic approaches, the unified programs, prevalence of a
rigid regulation of behavior, the relation of teachers. Resistance of creatives
to reproductive works, their big sensitivity to the monotonian Period is
regarded as obstinacy, laziness, nonsense. Thus, development of the creativity
which is defined by flexibility of thinking, originality and generating of new
ideas, imagination, the non-standard solution of tasks, ease of associations is
suppressed.
In norm, in process of development, the
mentality of the person has to get the increasing integrity, stability,
constancy as by means of compensation, replacements are filled those functions
which are still insufficiently developed. This mechanism is connected with
external feature of nervous system – plasticity. Plasticity underlies
creativity and is the richest possibility of purposeful change of mentality of
the person in the conditions of training and education, and also compensation
of weakness or defectiveness of development. However, in practice, the
mentality of the graduate of comprehensive school often differs extreme
instability, unbalance, owing to what lack of natural, harmonious transition to
the next step of the social development.
Therefore in education we connect ecological
and cultural safety with ability of self-realization being trained in
creativity as as opportunity like social behavior of the person realizing into
action fruits of active imagination, alternative to which the adaptive behavior
and mental degradation acts. The adaptation choice, according to D.A.Leontyev,
is refusal of changes, leaving of uncertainty, a choice of the clear, familiar
past, and the choice of self-realization is a step forward, a future choice:
difficult, inconsistent, with the take-off and falling.
Creative approach in education is in the best
way realized in the course of research activity which can be considered as a
basis of development of creative potential being trained and a
psychotherapeutic way of prevention of a depression, uneasiness and aggression
- the major factors interfering creative self-expression of the young man.
Pupils with high level of uneasiness react even to standard information
loading mainly defensive reactions owing to what they have as a whole a
negative motivation to study or to separate subjects, and extreme requirements
in training programs not seldom lead to suppression of the identity of school
students and in this case it is possible to tell that progress isn't an
adequate indicator of their abilities.
As it is strange, but the main contradiction of
a modern education system is declaration of the high humane purposes,
unfortunately, only on paper and impossibility effectively to work in the
direction of movement to them. One of the principles, helping to resolve this
contradiction is use of the potential intellectual safety based on the
all-system principles, most important of which in this case: nature conformity,
kulturosoobraznost, self-organization of information and invariancy.
In the course of
training taking into account age, individual readiness, abilities the pupil
offers to treat the first information received by them, instead of after the
teacher and by that to the first place there is a formation of "uchastny
thinking" as individual experience of knowledge (M.M.Bakhtin). It is
represented to us at the present stage of a development of education important
that the teacher was able to learn to think, and it means that he has to learn
to notice the thoughts: as they are born as they can be transformed as to
operate them.
Natural safety from overloads, information
alien and unnecessary the pupil, from pressure of teachers and authorities,
safety from the wrong courses and ways, from hit in an extreme of painful
hobbies and sectarianism becomes successful realization of this principle.
Today we rely not on "pure" science, and on knowledge which
gives scientific and practical perception of Cheloveka-Prirody-Obshchestva.
Flexibility of thinking and understanding of it provides with figures of
education acceleration of process of transition of scientific knowledge in
collective consciousness. And here a secret of social, technological and
cultural break in the future – to the reason sphere.
The successful solution of the problem of
ecological and cultural safety of education as bases of providing a sustainable
development of the world is based on V.I.Vernadsky's doctrine about a
noosphere, i.e. the sphere of domination of reason of the person. This doctrine
assumes that people as carriers of intelligence are urged to assume
responsibility for a further course of evolution on Earth, to make it operated.
Time when the mankind has to assume reasonable regulation of the interconnected
processes on Earth, already came. Is inadmissible to postpone the solution of
the burning issue of providing a sustainable development of the world and
unconditional health and safety of the person.