Gavrishina O.N.
Kemerovo State
University, Russia
APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE METHODS OF
ACTIVE LEARNING IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
Modernization
of modern education implies substantial changes in the methods of teaching
that, in its turn, lead to a change of the forms, tools, and training content.
The use of methods that encourage
students to activate their cognitive activity is aimed at the development of
thinking and formation of practical skills [1].Active learning methods are
aimed at greater participation of students in the learning process, contribute
to enhance the cognitive activity of students, increase their interest and
motivation, develop the ability to self-sufficiency training, ensure the
maximum of the feedback between students and teachers.
Currently
the most common are the following active learning methods: a practical
experiment, the method of the projects - the form of the educational process
focused on creative self-realization of the individual student, group
discussion - group discussion on a specific issue in a relatively small group,
brainstorm - a specialized method of group work, designed to generate new
ideas, stimulating creative thinking each participant, business games - a method of organizing the
active work of the participants aimed at developing a specific effective
training and professional activities; role play - the method used for the
acquisition of new knowledge and testing of specific skills in the field of
communication; basket-method - learning by imitation situations; analysis of
practical situations (case-study ) - a method of training for decision-making,
its goal is to teach students to analyze information, identify key issues,
generate alternative solutions, evaluate them and choose the best solution and
form a program of action. [2]
The lecturer
while presenting educational material in computer science and mathematics uses different ways to interpret the concept
under consideration, for example, the transformation of the tables with data in
graphs. One reason for the lack of understanding of the fundamental concepts of
the discipline is a situation in which the student is a passive observer.
Therefore one of the key educational challenges is the formation of students'
ability to perform their own transition from one form of representation of the
object to another, the ability to reach out the connections between these forms
for a deeper understanding of its essential properties and characteristics. The
open question is how to achieve this. The construction of the learning process
from the standpoint of the hermeneutic approach is the one of the ways to solve
this problem. [3]
There
are different approaches to the interpretation of the term
"hermeneutics." From the perspective of hermeneutics (Greek “hermeneutikos”)
is treated as the art of translation, the art of explanation (Hermes in Greek
mythology was the intermediary between the Gods and people). Hermeneutics is the study of understanding
the scientific cognition of objects of the human sciences [4]. Category of
"hermeneutics" is also used in the theoretical sense as a theory of
understanding, comprehension of meaning that is embedded in a linguistic
expression. Such an interpretation is found in some modern philosophical
contexts. Under hermeneutics we mean the theory of interpretation of linguistic
expressions (texts) aimed at understanding the meaning of these expressions.
One of the main objectives of the hermeneutic approach to the knowledge of a
particular phenomenon is the comprehension of the model of this phenomenon.
The
task of the hermeneutic approach is the understanding of the phenomenon and
thus it is necessary to focus on the process of modeling, on how the process of
transition from the text of the problem to the information model (in particular,
mathematical) and visa versa. This process is called interpretation.
In
computer science and mathematics in course of solving problems the participants
of the educational process are involved the interpretation of information
(data), presented by different kinds of models (text, graphics, tables,
analysis, etc.), that is from one form to the other models and by interpreting them
establish the relationship between these models. This is the essence of the
hermeneutic of communication [4].
With the hermeneutic
approach in teaching a professor is required to determine the forms of
information that allow to change the interpretation of the concepts being
studied in order to identify all of its material properties and to design
learning tasks so that in course of their solution various kinds of forms were
used, simultaneously if appropriate. One of the mechanisms for the
implementation of the hermeneutic approach can serve computer model. Computer
simulation permits the use of model drawings, charts and graphics, and this is
very important in the dynamic of their performance.
Thus,
the introduction of organizational forms that are based on the principles of
active learning encourage students' cognitive independence and allow to acquire
important skill of self-education.
Литература:
1. Устинова Н. Н. Использование активных методов в
процессе обучения информатике в начальной школе // Информатика и образование –
М.: Образование и информатика. – 2010. –
№ 7. – с. 67.
2. Фалина И. Н.,
Мохова М. Н. Использование активных методов обучения на уроках информатики //
Информатика – М.: Первое сентября. 2006. – № 9.
3. Губский Е. Ф.,
Кораблева Г. В., Лутченко В. А. Философский энциклопедический словарь. М.:
ИНФРА-М, 1999
4. Лесников И. Н.
Бычкова О. И. Васюхно В. В. Герменевтический подход в обучении информатике и математике // Информатика и образование. –
2010. – № 5. – с. 21.