Doctor of psychological Sciences, doctor of legal Sciences, Professor
Yu.A.Êlejberg
Moscow state regional University
Hermeneutics
deviations as an adaptation practice of preservation of identity
To the beginning of the new century in the focus of
research searches still gets the problem of identity and its new configuration.
The construction of new forms of identity due to global social transformations.
The manipulation of identity generate dezadaptations and destructive behaviors. One of the
identification of models of adaptation of the personality is deviation.
Modern interdisciplinary studies allow to expand the
understanding of the mechanism of identification and indicators of human
identity. As a multifaceted phenomenon identity is filled with different senses
of projectable adaptation practice. Under identity is understood as a sequence
of mental life of man, his self- identity with certain approved model, resulting in a
social situation.
The ability to change of identity associated with the
adaptation practices, the use of protective strategies. Identity is a dynamic
structure; it develops through the overcoming of crises of identity.
The conditions of modern society provoke a crisis of
identity. It is expressed in the inability to save different images-I, the
inability to in violation of the linkages between the various I-images.
Tolerance is one of the best and constructive forms
and social practices of adaptation. The concept of tolerance contains a number
of possible interpretations. The multi-dimensional concept of «tolerance» is
checked his connection with the concept of «identity». The practice of
tolerance is based on a positive identity and design of the world, including
the formation of a General value orientations and attitudes, as well as on the
combination of values in the light of the socio-cultural identities, modes of
behavior and ways of life.
Modern sociocultural situation plural affect the
search for self-identity of the individual and promotes a crisis of identity,
desire for escapism, deviant behavior, the relevant practices of adaptation.
Modern techniques of power, as shown M.Fuko, provoke deviation. The mismatch
and incompatibility in the system of values «wash away» the boundaries of
identity and initiate deviation as dezadaptation and, at times, destructive
practices. Among the reasons of the crisis of identity V.Hesle called the
following:
- The inability of a person to identify himself with
his own body;
- A refusal to acknowledge the temporary nature of the
self;
- Inconsistency of his conduct universal standards;
- The belief that there is no moral norm;
- The disharmony between the «I natural» and «social
I»;
- Reduction of the identification of the individual
with the collective reality, the disintegration of the collective memory,
submitted by the traditions and culture as a whole.
The modern person constructs his identity as a
multifaceted. It is filled with different senses of projectable social context,
the social situation. Identification, understood as a mechanism of protection
for the psyche (Z.Freud), the socialization of the individual, psychological
adaptation and transformation in the personality (U.James, E.Ericson, etc.) and
characterized by ambivalence and contradictions (Z.Freud, À.Nalchadzyan, etc.), is a process of construction of identity.
Psychological research suggests that in the basis of
intolerance behavior, which often show a youth groups, adolescents, is a crisis
of transformation of identity according to the type of over the identity of the or
hipoidentity.
Identity is the basis of tolerance (Dovgaleva I.V., 2010), which shows many of the
social-psychological research: on the one hand, and tolerance as a major
determinant of the process of self-identification of the individual, affects
the formation of identity as a holistic education; on the other hand, the
nature of identity determines the actualization of tolerance (tolerance) in the
process of social interaction.
Tolerance as a holistic education has its own logic
and its own structure, which is expressed in the hierarchy of its components.
Their content is caused by different kinds of activities and peculiarities of
the creative, cognitive, and rectifying the manifestations of the personality.
However, from the point of view of deviation aspects of tolerance in the public
relations can be divided into two groups: constructive
and destructive. Constructive tolerance contributes to the improvement of human life
(of the company). Destructive tolerance
is aimed at creating conditions for the destruction of social relations in
society, and connivance of revelry of social destructive resistance, that is,
the spread of sentiment anxiety, mistrust and hatred between individuals,
social groups and layers [2; 3].
Tolerance - the phenomenon of integrated formed under
the influence of many factors: development, formation, formation. In this case,
as the S.K.Bondireva , there is innate tolerance - not aggressive, when the
individual was originally before set on tolerance (in this matter, aspect of
the situation), and acquired (through training) tolerance, when the latter is
defined formed in his attitudes, habits, Outlook [1, 9].
Psychologists say that the very uncertainty of the
situation, which proved to be a modern man, leads him to the path of deviation.
The man is in constant search of its identity.
1. Bondireva
S.K. Tolerance (introduction to the problem of) / S.K.Bondireva, D.B.Êolesov. M., 2003.
2. Êlejberg Yu. The social psychology of deviant behavior. M., 2004; 2-e Izd. M., 2005.
3. Êlejberg Yu. Deviant behavior in
questions and answers. M., 2006; 2-e Izd. M., 2008.