D.t.n. Kushnir V.G., k.t.n. Benyukh O.A., magistrant Kravchenko R.I.

Kostanay state university by A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

Mechanization of water lift process

For centuries water in pasture conditions are not extracted by various mechanized methods. Water lift mechanized means pastures Kazakhstan, including the North, has received widespread, since the 70-s of XX century. Although by this time were already known to many types and varieties of water-lifting devices: a piston pump, centrifugal pump, diaphragm pump, air-gas lifts, etc. [1]

Currently used for pasture irrigation water lifting a large amount of funds, which differ in principle, the Embodiment mind working bodies, technical and economic parameters, etc.

Applicable to variety of designs pastures mechanization rising water because of the different types of intakes, deep wells, source water flow rate, as well as the search for effective water-pump designs that best meet the ever-increasing zoo technical and techno-economic requirements.

In recent years, agriculture went on to become a market economy and as a consequence, receive widespread production of formation as agricultural, peasants and farmers. In this regard, there was a need to organize, analyze and identify the main directions in the creation of water-lifting equipment used for lifting water in pasture conditions. And in order to select the most perfect means of lifting water to more fully meet the modern requirements of production and economic conditions, we have developed a classification of water-lifting equipment. [2]

Classification does not pretend to be complete and comprehensive systematization of such devices.

It contains some features due to the peculiarities of use of mechanized water-lifting equipment under pasture. In addition, the classification features include mostly those who in any way affect the technical and economic performance water-pump. Proceeding from this, it is advantageous to classify by the following features: on the object of application, the principle of operation, according to their use, and drive by an energy source, as well as a method for controlling the water supply.

The principle of operation mechanization lifting waters is divided into Hydro shock, dynamic, three-dimensional, capillary, pneumatic. It should be noted that volumetric pumps used in pasture conditions for an operating element divided into diaphragm, screw and piston. Capillary water lifts on the same grounds are divided into belts and Cord. Pneumatic water lift up the two groups: airlift, in which the transformation of energy occurs in the interaction of flows of air and water in the pipe during the rising water, and pneumo, in which the energy conversion takes place in the chamber. By dynamic pumps include: inertial, and centrifugal jet, which differ by the nature of the movement of water in the chamber.

The most simple in construction of all types of water-pump used on pastures are tape. Modification of the water-pump belt is a water lift cord. These relate to the capillary water lift pumps.

Salient advantages of capillary water lift - simplicity of design and maintenance, reliability, ability to control the lift amount and the water supply in a broad range. Overall efficiency water lift is 0,25...0,29.

Analysis of mechanization of lifting water shows that in terms of energy savings, fitness work in conditions of pastures, are the most promising water-pump belt. Team working to improve the process flow sheet optimization of individual parameters water lift. On this basis, formed the direction of progressive development. Improvements to the water-pump belt made at the level of inventions (about 10 pieces). Without significant fundamental changes in the structure.

Mechanical means rising water can be divided into two classes: the pumps and water-pump.

Pumps, in turn, are divided into: dynamic (fluid pressure becomes a rapidly under the influence of the working body) volume (moving water by periodic changes in the volume occupied by her camera, alternately in communication with the inlet and outlet of the pump) pumps friction (moving water under the influence of forces friction at motion in the working chamber of the pump impeller, the fluid jet or wafer).

Water lifts are: air (airlifts); capillary (belt); hydro shock.

In turn, each of these classes is divided into several types, such a variety of different designs of mechanization rising water because of the different types of intakes, deep wells to the bottom flow rate of the water source, as well as the search for effective water-pump designs that best meet the ever-increasing zoo technical and technical and economic requirements.

Selection means for lifting water depends on the operating conditions, the required amount of feed water pressure, type of water source, type of energy used and other factors, including the important role played by the cost of both the unit and the cost of maintenance, cost of spare parts, requirements for qualification of personnel, etc.

Used in practice, centrifugal, screw, reciprocating, vibrating and other types of water-pump have separate, unique to their technical, economic and operational advantages. However, the disadvantages such as sensitivity to the content of mechanical impurities in the water, complexity, high cost and inadequate design of individual units, the inability to repair the conditions of economy, operational complexity, installation and removal, use of intermediate energy nodes and lack of reliability, reduce the effectiveness of their use and cause limited application.

Extensive location of grazing land, with a scattered water sources, distance from repair and maintenance bases, it is difficult passable roads, the seasonal nature of water points and grazing area, the lack of appropriate technical skills and qualifications of shepherds, as well as a significant increase in the cost of fuel and electricity, push Water-lifting equipment to requirements such as ease of construction and assembly and dismantling operations, reliability, ease of operation and maintenance, the use of renewable energy, the ability to work long time without qualified supervision.

At this stage, these requirements, in our opinion, best meets the capillary water lift belt type. Moreover, belt cover a wide range of water lift control of the lift amount and the supply of water, availability of repair under conditions farms high efficiency of the unit, the limited high solids content (0,5%) and water salinity (10 g/dm³), small breakaway torque working body (ribbons), which allows to use the drive using wind energy.

The main technical parameters of any water-lifting machine are its performance, efficiency and power density. Power goes to lift 1 m³ of water and / or created by 1 m head. Different types of water-lifting means these figures naturally different, that sometimes has a certain effect on decision-making in choosing a means for lifting water.

Previously analyzed the main parameters of the water-pump and conducted comparison of the main parameters of the water-pump. Revealed that the highest efficiency has tape water lift and piston pumps. However, the piston pumps up the power density on the rise of 1 m³ of water. In addition, such as the quality of the water-pump belt increase efficiency with a lifting height distinguishes their nearest competitors.

Analysis showed that the screw pump supply increases the pressure decreases, and vice versa, the power increases. A diaphragm pump for water lifting height is not recommended for pasture wells, as they are ineffective. Vibrating water-pump working at a low altitude and water lift designed for temporary wells. Pneumo have the lowest water-pump efficiency compared with other water-lifting devices analyzed. In water jet pumps with increasing lift, supply decreases, power increases and efficiency decreases.

From the analysis of piston pumps can be seen that a small increase in performance, the statistical power and the pressure is significantly reduced. Given the structural and technological shortcomings piston pump on pasture wells. In centrifugal pumps high energy consumption and efficiency - low.

Water-pump belt have high efficiency, high efficiency, which depends on the height, that is, the more water lifting height, the greater the efficiency. In this case, the water-pump belt have a simple design, unpretentious in operation, do not require skilled nursing, suitable for field repair of rural workshops and field camps, and a well-aggregated with electric motors and wind turbines.

Thus, we believe research on the development and modernization of the water-pump belt very promising and useful for the industrialization of agricultural production in our country, to reduce the cost of domestic agricultural production as a whole, to improve its competitiveness.

Literature

1. Kaplan R.M. Mekhanizatsiya vodopodema na pastbishchnykh skvazhinakh. – Alma-Ata, Kaynar, 1970.

2. Kushnir V.G. Sovershenstvovanie konstruktivno-tekhnologicheskoy skhemy i obosnovanie rezhimnykh parametrov lentochnogo vodopodemnika // Dissertatsiya kand. tekhn. Nauk – Orenburg: OGAU, 2003.