Сельское хозяйство / 3. Земледелие, грунтоведение и
агрохимия
I. Pigorev, N. Dolgopolova
Kursk state agricultural Academy, Russia
OPTIMIZATION
CRITERIA TILLAGE SYSTEMS UNDER GRAIN CROPS IN CONDITIONS OF LANDSCAPE FARMING
Tillage
system is an important element of the landscape farming affecting the
conditions of formation of the yield of crops in the formation of
agro-landscape in General. Tillage allows to regulate its water, air, heat and
nutrient regimes. Depending on the processing system changes its structure,
moisture content and the rate of water flow into the root system of plants,
changes the composition of the biotic components of the soil microflora,
quantitative and qualitative composition of weeds on fields. Tillage affects
the efficiency of the use of fertilizers in the rooting zone, directly
connected with the rates of erosion processes in the soil and concentrations of
nitrates in groundwater. Goal of the research is to substantiate the criteria
optimization tillage systems for basic grain crops in different landscape
conditions of their cultivation considering biological crop requirements, the
features of agrolandscape, creation of favorable phytosanitary, anti-erosion
and other environmental conditions. The tasks of the research were:
1)
to review publications on the impact of systems and methods of processing the
soil in different landscape conditions on the contamination of soil and crop
weeds, pests and diseases of agricultural crops, processes of mineralization of
soil organic matter and humification microbiological activity and the
availability of soil mineral elements, development of erosion processes and
productivity of agricultural crops;
2)
conduct analysis of data collected in the multi-faceted field experiment, on
influence of various systems of soil on crop productivity in connection with
the elements of the relief for a multiyear period;
3)
to reveal the regularities of influence of systems and methods of processing
the soil in different agricultural landscapes on the effectiveness of other
elements of the system of agriculture, change of conditions of cultivation of
crops and their productivity.
Landscape
approach to farming requires a thorough study of the regularities of the
various systems and methods of processing the erosion of cultivated culture and
peculiarities of agrolandscape territory. [А.А.Жученко, 1990] notes that the entire experience of the development of
agriculture suggests that in developing the systems of soil in the farms it is
necessary to consider the peculiarities of geomorphological, soil and weather
conditions, and also the specifics of the adaptive capacity of cultivated
species and varieties of plants. Particularly important differentiated approach
to the processing of soil has in the conditions of the surface of agriculture.
Development of optimum for user and adequate биопотенциалу
plants and the natural regularities of environmental tillage systems is
possible only on the basis of its multi-criteria evaluation.
In
the history of agriculture issues of the soil treatment always wore to the
discussion. The efficiency of one or another system of soil treatment for each
of the criteria varies depending on the year weather conditions, topography,
and many other factors. At the same time, you can set the regularities of
influence of tillage systems in all or specific landscape conditions for one or
another indicator (criterion) of fertility. At cultivation of agricultural
crops in different landscape conditions may be various factors limiting their
productivity and destabilizing the ecological situation. The establishment of the
limiting factors and the regulation of their respective system of soil
treatment is an important task landscape farming.
Multicriteria
assessment used in cropping systems and methods of processing the soil will
serve as a basis for optimization of this important element of the system of
farming with regard to biological crop requirements and landscape features of
agricultural territories.
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Агропромиздат, 1985.- 351 с.
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