Сельское хозяйство/3. Земледелие, грунтоведение и агрохимия

Master of agrochemistry and agrology, Shilova N.I.

RSE "Kostanaysky State University of A.Baytursynov", Kazakhstan

Graduate student, Shilova K.M.

FSBEI HPE "Omsk state agrarian university of a P. A. Stolypin", Russia

INFLUENCE OF WAYS OF SEAL POSTSPIRIT BARD ON PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROPYPON HAY ON THE SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Alcohol bard is rather new organic fertilizer practically for all soil and climatic zones and therefore the technology of its introduction is still insufficiently developed. More there were studied doses, terms of introduction and fertilized cultures [1, 2]. At the same time such technological operation as a way of seal bards remains a little studied. These researches also were devoted to this question.

In experience for seal bards the serial needle harrow of HMS-20 was used. With the soil this tool was applied to active hashing of a bard deposit with an angle of attack 15⁰ and an active arrangement of working bodies. Such scheme of arrangement didn't lead to an excessive ejection of plants agropypon as the culture on the 4-th year of using represented well taken roots herbage. After harrow pass extent of destruction of plant stand made only 2-3% at the standard admission on this technological operation in 5%. The bard it was closed up on depth of 4-6 cm when drying blanket in 0,5-1 hour after introduction.

High efficiency of seal alcohol bard is revealed by the conducted researches. Advantage of a harrowing was shown in all years of behavior of experiences. And these years were characterized by sharply contrast weather conditions that once again confirms need of seal bard in a steppe zone on long-term herbs. So, 2011 was favorable on moistening and a temperature mode from the State Customs Committee for the vegetative period equal 1,29. 2012 was estimated as the dry State Customs Committee with an indicator 0,39 and an amount of precipitation for the vegetative period of 75 % of norm.

In 2011 against the increased moisture security with quite uniform distribution of a precipitation on development phases agropypon, on control the crop of hay of 28,7 c/ha was received.

High efficiency of option without seal is explained by that at such moistening bard the deposit on a surface of the soil didn't dry up and was a constant source of elements of food for plants agropypon. However at seal to the soil it is exposed to more active microbiological decomposition that considerably improves a nutritious mode agropypon. Therefore on options with a harrowing efficiency of culture increases on 3,0-3,2 c and makes 31,7-31,9 c/ha.

Efficiency of seal bards increases in dry conditions of 2012 even more. The increase in productivity of hay increases by 1,4-2,0 times and reaches 4,1-6,5 c/ha, raising the general level of a crop to 23,5-25,9 c/ha. On option without seal bards the most poor harvest in experience – 19,4 c/ha was received. At the same time it should be noted quite high productivity of hay this dry year which made 19,4-25,9 c/ha. It is explained by the increased quantity of the effective precipitation which has dropped out in the most critical phase of development agropypon - a tillering-exit in a tube. Twenty four whole and the three tenth 24,3 mm of a precipitation from 57,3 mm fell on this period for all vegetation of culture, or 42%.

Comparing among themselves methods of seal bards, it is necessary to state advantage of an one-trace harrowing before the two-trace. If in the damp conditions of 2011 their action was equivalent, the increase of hay made respectively 3,2 and 3,0 c/ha, during a drought of 2012 growth of productivity was essential – on 2,4 c/ha (LSD₀₅ = 1,4 c). It is connected by that the first pass of a harrow closes up bard a deposit to the soil, and the second trace partially throws out it back on a surface. And if during the damp period of vegetation it is the phenomenon doesn't play an essential role, in dry conditions has crucial importance.

The productivity analysis on the average in two years testifies to expediency of seal spirit bards to the soil after introduction. If on control option efficiency agropypon makes 24,0 c/ha, at one - and two-trace harrowing it increases by 4,9 and 3,6 c respectively, or on 20,4 and 15,0% (table 1).

Table 1

Influence of different ways of seal postspirit bard on productivity

of hay agropypon

Dining	Average 2 years
	Yield, q/ha	Increase to control
		c/ha	%
Bard 60 t/ha, without conductor (control)	24.0	-	-
Bard 60 t/ha + seal HMS-20 1 trace	28.9	+4.9	20.4
Bard 60 t/ha + seal HMS-20 2 trace	27.6	+3.6	15.0
LSD 05	1.5

Thus, at spring introduction bards on crops agropypon the fourth year of using for seal to the soil the harrowing a needle harrow is enough to lead of her to one trace. This reception increases fertilizing value bards and provides growth of productivity of hay in damp year on 3,2 c, in dry on 6,5 c/ha.

Literature

1. Kryuchkov M.M. Application of vinasse in agriculture / M.M. Kryuchkov, O.V., Ushakov, N.V. Starikov // distillery and viticulture . - 2008 . Number 11. - S. 34-37.

2. Kudzaeva I.L. Improving soil fertility by recycling the alcohol- howl bards / I.L , Kudzaeva , B.B. Basayev // regulation of growth, development and productivity of plants : Materials 3rd Intern. scientific . conf. - Nat . Acad. Sciences of Belarus . - Minsk, 2003 . - 104.