Tastemirova ZH.A

A.Baitursynov Kostanai State University., Kazakhstan

Major initiatives and principles of "green" agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Main perspectivedirection of "green" agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Very perspective direction "green" economy becomes a basis of industrial revolution.

The agriculture of Kazakhstan possesses the potential of significant growth through extensive land resources and recognized quality of agricultural products. Realization of potential of sector by means of transition to steady agriculture which will be able to return to the earth fertility is necessary, to create new opportunities for employment and to provide more expressed independence of import of food.

Today 2,2 million people, or 26% of a manpower of Kazakhstan are occupied in agricultural sector, and more than 2/3 national water consumptions are the share of agriculture. In 2012 the share of agriculture in gross domestic product of the country made only 4,2%, however agriculture in view of the importance in respect of employment, especially in rural areas, influences on water balance of Kazakhstan, roles in ensuring food security is priority sector of national value.

In addition to it for transition to steady agriculture it is necessary to be focused on the following main initiatives: 1) state support of measures for the organization of access to financing sources: involvement of the international and local institutes of development, and also the Kazakhstan banks of the second level for development and creation of products of the long-term crediting necessary for satisfaction of needs of farmers in capital investments, taking into account the international experiment on long-term financing of agriculture in other countries; studying of structure of the actual expenses and capital investments in agricultural sector with involvement of local and international experts for adoption of the most acceptable decisions for creation of steady agriculture in Kazakhstan, such as equipment use for zero processing of the earth, the equipment and infrastructure for a drop irrigation, use of energy saving vehicles and the equipment, updating of road infrastructure for reduction of transport expenses of farmers, etc.; consideration at governmental level of possible instruments of long-term financing of agriculture in the form of guarantees, subsidies or other measures of economic incentives for introduction of the principles and the practician of steady agriculture; 2) revision and improvement of mechanisms of development in farmers of skills of business planning, and also development of skills and knowledge at the organizations responsible for financing, such as commercial banks of the second level and the credit organizations, for the purpose of providing a sustainable development of agricultural sector. The following measures necessary for achievement of this purpose, include: determination of deficiency of qualification in business planning among farmers and deficiency of qualification among the financial organizations concerning understanding of mechanisms of development of agricultural sector and financial products available in the market; definition of in what measure it is possible to use the local successful farms conducting economy by the principle of the conclusion of long-term agreements with buyers of production (contract farming), as tools for advance and distribution of successful skills and the practician of business planning;development and implementation of advanced programs of development of skills for farmers and the financial organizations for elimination of deficiency of qualification from both parties; 3) involvement of foreign investors for creation of model farms by the principle of the conclusion of the long-term contractual relations between farms and buyers of agricultural products (contract farming) proved as the successful mechanism of cooperation in many countries. Kazakhstan has sufficient conditions for effective application of this model with benefit for itself.

In this regard it is necessary to accept a number of measures for realization of advantages of attraction of foreign investments, including: to carry out an assessment of various alternative models of contract farming which exist today in the international practice, and to choose the most optimum model for Kazakhstan; to estimate degree of interest and need of local farmers and foreign investors for the conclusion of similar form of cooperation through creation of the uniform expert center for the principle of "one window" for the purpose of minimization of administrative expenses at implementation of investments into Kazakhstan; to create economic and legal base for introduction of the chosen model of contract farming and realization of measures of support to participants of projects; to hold exit presentations for investors, so-called road show, for presentation of opportunities of business in Kazakhstan for large international participants of the agricultural market; to consider such mechanisms on stimulation of involvement of the foreign investors providing steady use of land resources, as decrease in collecting or duties, providing preferences where determination of optimum cost of the earth is applicable also; 4) start of a complex of actions for savings of the water resources, including application of modern methods of an irrigation and formation of the developed sector of the hothouse economy which basic elements will be: a) replacement of water capacious crops; b) improvement of technology of an irrigation; c) reduction of losses when transporting water;5) to develop the development plan of hothouse production which is including including: situation improvement with data on the current hothouse areas to begin it is better to plan necessary actions and capital investments; assessment of available hothouse technologies and definition of the priority decisions which are most attractive to Kazakhstan; specification of size of the market of hothouse production with special attention on the following two factors: a) possible outputs of hothouse sector; b) possible volumes of economy of water; development of mechanisms of stimulation in order that creation of greenhouses was attractive to local farmers and foreign investors.

Also in agriculture Kazakhstan will be adhere to six principles of "green" agriculture which will provide development of sector and at the same time will allow to keep and improve environment: 1) prevention of degradation of lands and restoration of the degraded lands: introduction of more effective farming practices minimizing processing of the soil, providing preservation of organic substance and moisture in the soil, soils preventing an erosion under the influence of a wind and water, for example, due to use of the equipment providing zero processing of the soil, and alternation of cultures; 2) prevention of further knocking-out of pastures: preservation of pasturable lands due to increase of availability of the remote pastures and restoration of pasturable lands, strengthening controlled a pasture turn and providing savings of moisture in the soil; 3) effective use of water: introduction of effective use of water resources in agriculture, for example, a drop irrigation, an irrigation the sprayed water, a discrete irrigation, use of greenhouses; 4) rational use of resources: transition to use of agrochemicals and the fuel, users providing protection, harm minimization for environment, reduction/prevention of pollution of the soil, air and water, for example, due to application of complex protection of plants from wreckers, use of fertilizers by results of research of the soil and increase of fuel efficiency of agricultural machinery. 5) minimization and reuse of waste: introduction of methods of processing of the agricultural products, providing the maximum value added and minimization of waste, including at the expense of a reuse of residual waste in production, for example, compost, biogas, etc.; 6) catching of carbon dioxide: landing of permanent cultures, for example, plants for agromelioration, wood cultures, long-term cultures, the constant cultures catching carbon dioxide and steady against salinization of the soil, and also promoting adaptation to climate change.

The list of the used sources:

1 . Strategy "Kazakhstan-2050": new political policy of the taken place state".2013г.

2 ."The concept of transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to green economy" 30.05. 2013.