Economicsciences

Mahambetov A. AbilkairovaR. A. seniorteacher

Kostanaysky state university of a name of A.Baytursynov

Kazakhstan

Nature and types of balances

In accounting, the term " balance » (bis - twice and lanx - scales ,dvuchashie) enjoy:

ü speaking about equality outcomes when outcomes are records of debit and credit accounts , records the results of the analytical accounts and corresponding synthetic account , the results of the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet , etc.;

ü to denote the most important form of financial statements showing the status of funds organizations in monetary value on a specific date .

Balance sheet is the main source of information for interested users on the property and financial status of the organization . Balance Sheet Data indicate whether the organization will be able in the near future to fulfill their obligations to investors , creditors and other persons or threaten her financial difficulties.

Balance sheet is a method of economic grouping property of the organization on the composition and placement of sources and its formation in monetary value on a specific date .

Thus, the appearance of the balance sheet is presented in tabular form on the left side which shows the composition of the plant property and location - it is an asset balance , and the right side shows the sources of this property indicating the purpose and maturity - this versatile balance.

Balance sheet has a header portion and must include: the name of the report , the reporting date , the name of the organization and its legal form , VAT , business type, unit , complete mailing address , date of approval , date of dispatch / adoption. All details are accompanied by the appropriate codes of approved classification .

Balance sheet must be signed by the director and the chief accountant of the organization. Props "signature" shall include : the name of the person signing the report ( General Director , Chief Accountant of the Company ), a person 's own signature ; transcript signature ( name and initials ) .

By the time the balance sheet may be:

ü entrance ( up to the time of the organization. Balance determines the amount of property to which the organization starts its activities );

ü current ( up periodically during the lifetime of the organization);

ü rehabilitated ( up to where the organization is close to bankruptcy , in order to determine the real state of affairs in the organization );

ü liquidation ( liquidation account in the organization);

ü separation ( up to the time of the separation of a large organization into smaller structural units );

ü unification ( when combined make up / merger of several organizations into one) .

By the method of " cleaning " can be :

Ø Gross balances ( including articles governing - depreciation , amortization , provisions for impairment of investments in securities trading margin );

Ø balances net of which excluded governing articles, ie held a "clear ."

By the nature of the activities of balances can be :

Ø operating activities (corresponding to the statute );

Ø secondary activities ( ZHKH. transport facilities , etc.). Targets compiling distinguish balances :

Ø trial ( up to verify the identity of balance );

Ø final ( official documents );

Ø reporting ( up during the reporting period on the basis of accounting data );

Ø forward ( up taking into account the forecasting and planning activities of the organization in the future ) .

The form of ownership distinguish balances state and municipal , cooperative, public , private and cooperative organizations.

Besides the classical balance sheet are distinguished:

Balance of revenues and expenditures of the enterprise - financial and economic document , independently developed now for a year or quarter in order to ensure balance and coordination of movement of material and financial resources , industrial and social development of the enterprise, best meet the interests of the collective . Balance of income and expenditure characterizes financial relationship with the company creditors; contains calculation of revenues , expenses, payments to the budget , the net profit distribution , formation of funds and resources of the enterprise ;

Gross balance - balance sheet, which includes regulating article. Gross balance is used for research and improved balance information functions ;

Net balance - balance sheet without regulatory papers. Net balance to determine the real value of the assets of the enterprise;

Opening balance sheet - the first sheet, which is made in the beginning of the enterprise. The assets of the balance reflected the assets of the enterprise, resulting in its organization , and in the passive - the sources of its occurrence. Typically, prior to the preparation of the opening balance held inventory and assessment of existing assets ;

Ending balance - accounting document on production and financial activity for a specified period of time. The final balance is based on the audited accounting records ;

Consolidated Balance Sheet - Consolidated Financial Statements of operations and financial results of the parent and its subsidiaries in general. Excluded from the consolidated balance mutual turnover subsidiaries ;

Liquidation balance - balance reporting balance characterizing property state entity at the date of termination of its existence as a legal entity . Liquidation balance sheet shows the amount and sources of funds , as well as the status of settlements company after the liquidation period ;

Revolving balance - balance sheet, which contains data on the movement of property ( debit and credit turnover ) for the reporting period , as well as balances and sources of education property at the beginning and end of the period . Revolving balance is used as an intermediate in the preparation of a working paper opening , closing and liquidation balance sheets ;

Trial balance - balance sheet , compiled in advance at the end of the reporting period, taking into account expected changes in the assets of the enterprise . It uses the actual and expected data on business transactions ;

Trial Balance - Accounting validation by means of monthly balance sheet;

Interim Balance Sheet - Balance , prepare before the financial year end ;

The interim balance sheet - the balance comprising the assets of the liquidated legal entity , a list of creditors' claims and the results of their review . The interim balance sheet drawn up by the liquidation committee ;

Separation balance sheet - a document in which the separation of the legal entity 's rights and obligations are transferred to the newly established legal entities . Separation balance sheet should contain provisions on succession for all obligations of the reorganized legal entity in respect of all of its creditors and debtors, including liabilities disputed by the parties ;

A cash balance - balance sheet, which characterizes the property of the entity and sources of the property as of a certain date in monetary value . A cash balance is made by counting the balances ;

Of Consolidated - consolidated balance sheet - the balance sheet, which is made by combining the balance of legally independent companies , interconnected economically . Such balances are used by holding companies ;

Consolidated balance sheet - the balance sheet, which is made by combining separate final balances. Consolidated balance sheets used by ministries , departments and corporations .

Literature

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2 .Goushchin YG Position on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation - Moscow: Law and Economics , 2002 . - 134c .

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