S.A. TUREZHANOVA Candidate of
Historical Sciences
Kostanai State University A.Baitursynov
EXPLANATION AS
A METHOD OF KNOWLEDGE
HISTORICAL REALITY OF MATRIX'S THEORY
Say
, perhaps, generally known scientists truth - explanation of history can not be
impartial . Scientist - historian , in other words , will inevitably bring to
the study of a topic subjective , group biases, interests , assessment. In this
sense, the study of the past bears inevitable , let's call it a curse - it can
not be completely neutral , indifferent to the fact that it explains .
This, note, not denied by any Soviet or
post-Soviet historical science. Another thing is that in the Soviet Union ,
this explanation stories deliberately encouraged state policy , the existing
power.
Such kind of explanation , if approached
strictly not fully fit into those already mentioned above species -
teleological , functional or regulation . However, on closer analysis, and
general retrospect , in our opinion , this kind of explanation, existing in
Soviet historical science , still acts more variety deductive - nomological his
model.
Recall that the essence of such a model (
scheme ) is that the phenomenon under investigation is brought under a certain
law . In this case not only causal laws , but also functional , structural and
other regular and necessary relations.
However, the Soviet deductive- nomological model
of explanation of history , keeping in his being a common characteristic, had
all the same features of originality.
First of all, it seems , it can not be
confused with the classical Marxist approach explanation of the history that
took place at the Karl Marx , Friedrich Engels in their famous historical
works. Way to explain Marx and Engels historical problems at all in the
presence of plaque ideologized them , yet was essentially scientific ,
creative. The second trend was the main , prevailing . "We know only a
single science, the science of history - claimed Marx . - History can be viewed
from both sides, it can be divided into the history of nature and history of
the people . However, both parties are inextricably linked , as long as there
are people , the history of nature and the history of people of mutually cause
each other " [1].
Historical works of the classics of Marxism
" 18 Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte ", others still attract the
attention of researchers depth analysis , a comprehensive approach , scientism
. Dignity of classical Marxism Western historian John Tosh sees that this
theory , which is applied to historical research merits explanation , "...
social theories arise from three aspects of historical explanation . First, the
difficulties associated with the comprehension of the interrelatedness of all
dimensions of the human experience in a specific period . Second, the theory is
needed - in the analysis of historical change ....
" ... And, finally, the most
ambitious theories try to explain not only how changes occur in history, but
also to determine the direction of these changes , the purpose of these
theories - to give an idea about the fate of humanity by giving the history of
the meaning of " [2] .
J Tom notes that of these three aspects of
historical explanation in Marx's third most problematic : " Marxism claims
that he discovered the focus of the whole historical process is the most
difficult to assess the components of this theory."
Historians today - Marxists too attracts huge
evolutionary scheme , and probably very few people are concerned about how
their research may shed light on the perspective delineated by Marx classless
society of the future " [3].
However, perhaps the greatest ability to explain the
method of Marxism is underestimating the power of connections between people
arise for reasons completely beyond the control of production. It is difficult
to dispute that the religious , racial or national identity is just as
important as the membership class .
Absolute class in the study of history, apparently due
to the influence on Marx's contemporary situation . " The class identity
and class struggle were characteristic features are in the process of
industrialization in Germany, France and Britain, where Marx spent his life ,
but they are much less frequent in the earlier periods and researchers
preindustrial societies experiencing great difficulties in trying to apply them
in Marxist theory full "[4] .
We emphasize again that for all its faults
caused by historical time , lack of scientific material, etc. way of explaining
the history of Marx and Engels was an objective , scientific. Historical
process explained on the basis not of the finished schemes , under which fit
the empirical material has been described in a general way it was served .
Classics of Marxism on this occasion wrote , " Prerequisites , with which
we begin - not arbitrary - they are not dogma , it is real premises from which
one can escape only in the imagination . This is - the real individuals , their
activity and the material conditions of their lives , such as those which they
find ready-made, and those who created their own activities . Thus, these
prerequisites can be set empirically "[5] .
Literature
1 K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch. V. 3 , p. 16
2 J. Tosh desire for truth. How to master the skills of the historian.M. :
2000, p.43 .
3 J. Tosh page 204 -205 .
4 J. Tosh page 210.
5 K. Marx and F. Engels, The German Ideology . M. 1988, page . 14 -15 .