Е.V. Kochurova¹, S.V. Kozlov¹, V.N. Nikolenko^1,2

¹I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation; ² M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192, Moscow, Russian Federation

The role of biomarkers oral fluid in the definition of the dental status of cancer patients

The acuteness of the situation with oncological diseases of the best of all the statistics. Today, cancer is one of the three (along with diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as injuries and poisonings) reasons super mortality in Russia: every year from it kills nearly 300 thousand people, of which more than 170 thousand. - under the age of 70 years. Despite this, more than 450 000 new cases of cancer is revealed in Russia, this means that diagnosed approximately one oncological disease in a minute.

Dental status is an inalienable confirmation of the hygiene of the oral cavity, which, in turn, contributes to the correct choice of the appropriate method of treatment. Level of mineralization of dental solid tissues, the intensity of caries process, the state of soft tissues of parodentium - they are all together and individually, will show the dental status of the patient and determine the final decision on the choice of the treatment method. The level and quality of personal hygiene of oral cavity of the patient, often determine not only the amount of dental care, but provide a distant forecasting based on the results of the conducted treatment.

To assess the dental status in patients with pathological processes in maxillofacial region, with the primary admissions in specific Department assessment complaints of the patients, the hard/soft plaque, caries, periodontal tissue, fillings and orthopedic prosthesis. For examination prosthetic dental prosthesis patient paid particular attention to the presence of chipped teeth and/or prostheses, depreciation and functionality, and during the examination of prosthetic field - injury of the mucous membrane of the mouth cavity (MMMC) in the area of prosthetic.

During the examination of dental status in patients with the acquired defects of the maxilla-facial region most often greeted the presence of over-/sub gingival plaque and injury of the MMMC in the area of prosthetic (66,0% 66,8%, respectively). Dental care as caries of tooth crown treatment - 47,3%, pulpitis - 23,9%, periodontitis 18,5% of the cases. Crowns and bridges design of orthopedic prostheses were seen in 47,7% of patients. Among them met metal prosthesis forged-pressure welded - 7,5% and solid - 13,0%. Detachable design met the 31,9% of cases, dominated dentures - 23,2%. Sanitation of the oral cavity were seen in 13,9% of patients with acquired defects of the maxillofacial region (table 1).

Determination of the expression biomarkers (MMP-2, 8, 9, TIMP-1, 2, СА 72-4, 19-9, 125, AFP, CEА, NSE, СYFRA 21-1, PSA, HGCh) in the oral fluid a statistically significant difference (р≤0,05) and diagnostic (DS≥60%) revealed by MMP-2, MMP-8, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, CEA and CA 125 compared with the group of control (GC) (table 2, figure 1).

Expression of biomarkers oral fluid varies depending on the dental status: the state of hygiene of the oral cavity, presence and type of orthopedic constructions and based on need in dental care. So, examinations of dental status and expression biomarkers oral fluid in cancer patients is necessary for compiling the somatic status of this group of patients.

Table 1

Dental care of the patients with the oncology defects of the maxillofacial region

Dental care	n=656	%
Dental plaque	433	66,0%
Chipped of the tooth/prosthesis	373	56,9%
Caries crown of the tooth	310	47,3%
Pulpitis	157	23,9%
Periodontitis	121	18,5%
Disease MMMC	438	66,8%
Fillings	373	56,9%
Crown or/and bridges:	313	47,7%
- Forged-pressure welded - Solid-without lining - Metaloplastic - Metaloceramic	49 85 63 115	7,5% 13,0% 9,6% 17,5%
Non-fixed denture:	209	31,9%
- Full denture - Clasp denture	56 152	8,5 23,2
Oral cavity sanation	91	13,9%

Table 2

Expression of biomarkers salivary fluid (M±m)

Biomarkers	GC n=65	Plague n=433	Caries n=310	Chipped n=373	MMMC n=438	Fixed denture n=313	Non-fixed denture n=209	Sanation n=91
MMP -2	2,29±0,4	6,3±1,2	6,1±1,3	6,6±1,1	9,1±1,5^1	5,9±1,4	4,3±0,8	4,4±0,8
MMP -8	31,75±10,1	1079,8±169,4^1	897,5±157,9^1	945,8±136,2^1	1150,6±179,1^1	910,8±168,7	743,6±161,1^1	819,1±159,7^1
MMP -9	403,13±69,8	958,9±104,7	904,2±103,1	965,6±89,0	1154,7±116,7^1	923,3±107,8	650,9±120,8	876,2±113,6
ТIMP -1	86,03±11,7	313,9±30,3^1	282,1±29,6	296,1±25,7^1	335,2±31,5^1	276,9±29,1^1	253,9±36,4^1	248,2±29,6^1
ТIMP -2	8,74±1,5	36,3±3,8^1	32,5±3,6^1	35,1±3,2^1	40,3±4,2^1	35,1±4,0^1	34,7±5,6^1	30,5±3,7^1
СА 72-4	11,2±3,85	19,2±2,0^1	——	19,2±2,1^1	17,8±1,6^1	——	——	20,0±2,2^1
СА 19-9	277,6±61,4	674,2±187,8	——	674,2±187,8	705,5±167,2	——	——	675,3±187,7
AFP	5,2±0,1	8,0±0,3^1	——	8,0±0,3^1	7,9±0,3^1	——	——	8,0±0,3^1
CEА	83±10,8	644,7±112,0^1	——	644,7±112,0^1	555,2±83,7^1	——	——	658,1±112,1^1
СА 125	573,3±68,6	1903,7±365,7^1	——	1093,7±365,7^1	1750,9±285,1^1	——	——	2146,1±414,7^1
NSЕ	4,3±0,3	5,5±1,0	——	5,5±1,0	5,6±0,8	——	——	6,3±1,3
СYFRA 21-1	13,99±0,6	35,4±9,0^1	——	35,4±9,0^1	28,3±5,8^1	——	——	36,5±9,0^1
PSA	0,3±0,02	1,1±0,4	——	1,1±0,4	0,8±0,3	——	——	0,8±0,3
HGCh	1,9±0,5	3,5±0,8	——	3,5±0,8	3,1±0,6	——	——	3,4±0,8

Figure 1. Exspression of biomarkers of salivary fluid.