Nazarbekoba Z.M.

A. Baitursynov Kostanai State University, Kazakhstan

The political regime: the concept, the essence

The regime is a system of methods of implementation of the government reflecting the relation of authorities to legal bases of their activity.

Mainly the political regime includes the structure of the power and management, mechanisms and ways of their realization.

In the history of the human organizations there were 2 types: a) based on a personal authority: monarchic, authoritative, totalitarian; b) or on the collective – a democracy and a republic.
The liberal, democratic, republican regimes prevail today.

Owing to various problems, continuous rivalry the political situation changes and the various political trends can come to the power and can establish a rigid regime, i.e. the political regimes are mobile.

The version depends from:

1. The purpose and tasks which the ruling classes and their parties put before itself. The political policy is the purpose, and the PR is means of achievement of the purpose.

2. Ideological orientation of a ruling class.

3. Ratio and sharpness of class fight.

4. The political consciousness of people and the political culture. The more developed countries are the more democratic regime.

5. The PR establishment in society depending on tradition, the moral principles and moral behavior of people.

6. It depends on the type, the forms of government of the state, the need of its functioning.

I.e. the establishment and the functioning of the PR depends on the internal and external political environment. In the history there were some widespread political regimes: the totalitarian, the authoritative, the liberal, the democratic.

The totalitarian - lat. totalis - is everything, whole, full, is the highest form of the authoritarianism.

It is characterized:

- The centralized management in the economy sphere, all life under control of party.

- The private property is forbidden, everything belongs to the state, people work as the hired workers.

- Full monopolization of the prices, alienation of citizens from political life.

- The leading role of one party in politics and its implementation in politics.

- The state ideology in the spiritual sphere, also will force imposing to all members of society.

- Concentration in hands of the state of mass media, communications. There is a censorship which everything supervised.

- Merging of party system with government, concentration of all means of the armed fight.

- Idolization of the personality, creation of an image of the great leader (Stalin, Fuhrer, Mussalini).

- Unusually severe repressions.

The authoritative is the power, the influence.

1. The power isn't formed, not supervised by the people, and the people have no warranties.

2. The real power in hands of ruling elite in which there is a selection.

3. There is a merging to the ruling device.

4. The parliament possesses a supporting role, the elections have a minor character.

5. Support on a military and retaliatory regime.

6. Parties can function, but are more often fictitious, the opposition is limited or forbidden in general (Egypt, Lebanon).

7. To some extent they listen to public opinion.

The liberal is concerning freedom, inherent in the free person.

It is characterized:

1. The separate lines of the authoritative and democratic, and democratic and authoritative power regimes, but the authoritative remains.

2. Works in more free look - the authoritative parties, the unions. The political system provides publicity, there can be a compromise. Division of the legislative, executive and judicial authority is carried out.

The democratic is democracy.

It is the form of a political regime based on the principles of democracy, freedom and equality of citizens.

1. Existence and strengthening of the forms of direct democracy, participation of citizens in the elections.

2. Self-government existence.

3. Reality, security and completeness of the political rights. Their limited unity with the social and economic and cultural rights.

4. Equality of all before the law, protection of the personality against the power, and the power against society arbitrariness.

5. Principle of division of the authorities (legislative, executive, judicial).

6. Wide range of pluralism (plurality).

The democracy models:

1. The individualistic allocate the personality from the society and the state. The personality is a power source, its right is priority before the rights of the state.

2. The pluralistic is the real creator. It is the interested group. Here the interests of valuable orientation and motives of political activity are formed. The people can't be subject of politics since the difficult competition consists of a variety in race for power.

3. The collective - the autonomy of the personality is denied.