Technical science

Ph.D. Nurushev С.З.

Kostanai state University. A.Baitursynov

Combined rotatillinginstrument for surface finish of matted soils

Surface finish of virgin lands being a subject root improvement, as well as other matted soils under haymakings and pastures at present is executed by heavy disc harrows for three - five passes or meadow-marsh rotatillingcutters for one.

Rotatillingmore effective, but it is more power-consuming , than disking.

In connection with that in the SPA “Celinsel'khozmekhanizaciya” are conducted of research on justification of parameters of combined rotatilling instrument enabling to execute in a single pass surface finish of infertile soils at decrease (as compared with industrial instruments) of presented expenses, manpower and increase of productivity of agricultural crops.

The instrument includes frame, outrigger wheels, tines,rotatillingdrum with the mechanism of PTO-driven (the central, two lateral reducers and cardan shaft), rod roller. Width of grab of the instrument - 3,6 m; processing depth - up to 16 cm; operating speed is up to 10 kph. Combination of passive and active working units allows, as compared withrotatilling, to diminish energy absorption capacity of process route of surface finish of the soil in 1,4…1,8 times and load on the tractor PTO - in 1,9…2,8 times.

Comparative tests of heavy disc harrows and the breadboard model of the rotatilling cutter conducted on spring preparing of the layer of old-age perennial grass (the term of use is more than 15 years), showed that required degree of the soil fracture of middle mechanical composition is supplied by the rotatilling cutter in a single pass, but heavy disc harrow - no less, than for three. Depth of processing after one pass of the rotatilling cutter accounts for 14 cm, and after five passes of harrow - only 10 cm. Disc harrow in a single pass does not execute a continuous treatment of the layer.The disks of harrow cut out large continuous lumps from a monolith, that results in formation of small holes. At subsequent passes amount holes is increased, and their sizes decrease, however ridgeness bottom of furrows is insufficient even after five passes.

Rotatilling of virgin lands allows, as compared with disking, not only to cut down the amount of operations, but also to improve performance quality of process route.

So, as a result of qualitative performance of process route by therotatillinginstrument , according to data of three years, increase of the barley harvest on the average by 12 % as compared with disking is received.

Combined instrument can be used additionally at sealing simultaneous with processing of previously introduced chemical meliorants (gypsum, phosphogypsumand etc.), organic and mineral fertilisers. He can be used on processing soils after row crops (corn, sunflower), on pre-plant soil uses for potato, preparing after moldboard, layer and plantation ploughing.

As compared with industrial way of surface finishvirgin lands in plough-land (double creasingby the harrowBIG-3, cultivation with harrowing by the cultivator КPS-4 with the loop of harrows of «zig-zag») on background of main deep-plowing, the increase of harvest of grain made 2,4 c/gaat average productivity on the control 15 c / gаof feed units. Advantage of the technology offered by us is caused by improvement of physical properties of the soil which expressed in decrease by 4,8 % her density, increase by 3,2 % the common porosity, water impermeability- to 2,3 times.

In such a manner, use of combined rotatilling instrument in agricultural production will allow to cut down the amount of operations, to improve performance quality of process route and to raise productivity cultivated cultures.