Tegza I. M.

A. Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Kasakhstan

The characteristic of productivity qualities of cow’s within imported selection of difference lines

Any breed of the cattle is the historically based category in the new environmental and feed conditions either degenerates, or adapts to unusual conditions, undergoing certain changes in the exterior, interior, and economic – useful signs.

An important indicator of successful adaptation of imported cattle from abroad is its high productivity, and the realization of normal reproductive functions, suitability for intensive industrial technologies and for the local climatic conditions. These issues have been studied by many scientists (I. Kalyuzhniy, N. Barinov, 2008; A. Kucherenko, 2009; G. Sharkayeva, 2010 and others). However, because of a sharp increase in the importation of cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan from abroad, these problems became particularly acute and important. The introduction of genetic material from outside must be preceded by the substantiation of the effectiveness of the event, considering financial, feed, industrial, technological and other resources of the management. For increase of gross production of milk LLP “Sadchikovskoe” of Kostanai district in December 2008 and January 320 cows of black – pied Holstein breed were imported from Germany. The technology of exploration cows provides loose keeping, milking. All technological processes are automated and computerized, the management is carried out through the main processor, and there are all the data about animals. In the study of pedigree and productive qualities of imported animals were used the data of their tribal certificates.

The genealogical structure of imported heifers is presented by main lines of Holstein cattle:

· Yec Ideal 933122 – 67.3%;

· Reflection Sovereign 198998 – 17.1%

· Montvik Chieftain 95679 – 14.5%

· Pabst Governer 882933 – 1.1%

The average age of the first heifers at first calve was 26.4 month when the body weighted 480 kg.

For the characteristics of the productive qualities of female ancestors absolute indexes of the highest lactation were used milk yield, fat and protein content in milk (table 1).

The milk yield of mothers of the introduced heifers averaged 7744 kg is 322.6 kg of milk fat and 253.4kg of protein. Productivity of feminine ancestors from male side appeared to be even higher, respectively, 14663, 572.7 and 455.8 kg. Thus, the acquired cattle, judging the lineage comes from the feminine ancestors according to

the maternal and paternal line with high genetic potential of the productivity, and its full implementation will depend on the condition of feeding and keeping of animals.

According to the results of the report on the evaluation of the cattle for 2012 the average yield of the cattle totaled 5855 kg with fat in milk 3.68% and milk proteins 3.03%. The coefficient of milk production (milk wield per 100 kg of live weight) on average amounted to 1130 kg which is the highest index for cows – heifers.

Table 1. The productivity of feminine ancestors of heifers introduced from Germany.

Sign	Statistical characteristic	Mother of heifer	Mother heifer’s father
Quantity of animals with measured productivity	n, head	245	218
Milk yield	Lim, kg	4920 – 12525	8590 – 17538
	M±m, kg	7744 ±77.9	14663±169.2
	Cv, %	15.7	16.5
Content of fat in milk	Lim, kg	2.93 – 7.19	3.29 – 4.50
	M±m, kg	4.19±0.040	3.93±0.022
	Cv, %	14.8	8.1
Production of milk fat	Lim, kg	146.6 – 570.8	312.7 – 718.3
	M±m, kg	322.6±4.03	572.7±6.15
	Cv, %	19.6	15.4
Content of protein in milk	Lim, kg	2.80 – 3.79	2.90 – 4.39
	M±m, kg	3.28±0.010	3.12±0.018
	Cv, %	4.7	8.0
Production of milk protein.	Lim, kg	159.1 – 388.3	273.2 – 561.2
	M±m, kg	253.4±2.36	455.8±4.88
	Cv, %	14.6	15.3

The milk productivity of heifers, depending on their linear facilities is represented in table 2.

Table 2. The distribution of cows of different lines by productivity

Linear membership	Quantity, head	Milk yield, kg	Fat, %	Protein, %
Reflection Sovereign	41	6187±124.2	3.66±0.007	3.01±0.003
Yec Ideal	119	5782±69.1	3.69±0.006	3.04±0.006
Montvik Chieftain	28	5661±179.7	3.68±0.012	3.04±0.003
Pabst Governer	3	6023±300.2	3.70±0.010	3.03±0.005

The greatest milk yields (6187) had cows of line Reflection Sovereign. They definitely superiored animals of line Montvik Chieftain for 526 kg (p<0.05) and line Yec Ideal for 405 kg (p<0.01). The variation coefficient of the milk yield in the lines ranged from 9.1 to 18.8% and amounted to 15.4%, which characterizes the significant variations in a milk yield. The differences in fat and protein content between the two lines of animals were unreasonable and untrue.

The analysis of the current genetics situation and available resources of the economy testifies about opportunity in the coming years to form in this economy high valuable Holstein black – pied cattle with the milk yield of 7000 kg or more milk. This is possible under the condition of the creation in the economy a solid fodder base with the compulsory intensive raising of recovering heifers with average daily growth of 750 – 850 gr by conducting a purposeful breeding of animals on the main economically valuable signs (milk yield, fat and protein content in milk, live weight of animals, the suitability of the cows for automated milking and others)

List of literature:

1. I. Kalyuzhniy, Health of import animals after 5 month. I. Kolyuzhniy, N. Barinov// Cattle breeding of Russia. – 2008. №3. p. 6 – 8.

2. A. Kucharenco, The errors of imported livestock in the purchase: the cattle breeding of Russia. – 2009, №3,p. 6 – 7.

3. G. Sharkayeva, The tribal recourses of import livestock in Russian Federation. Milk and meat cattle breeding. – 2010, №4, p. 5 – 7.