PhD Gruzdeva A. A.

State Establishment "Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy

Ministry of Health of Ukraine"

The results of the study of ultrastructural changes of periodontal tissues among the workers of ore mining shafts.

Production conditions of iron ore industry promote occurrence of pathological changes of the oral mucosa and periodontal diseases.

The prevalence of lesions of oral tissues in workers related to exposure to hazardous occupational factors is significantly higher than those without contact with a professional harm.

On the enterprises of the mining industry in Dnepropetrovsk region under unfavorable and hazardous working conditions employs about 65, 9% of all industry workers.

The use of personal protection against harmful factors of production, introduction of new technological processes have reduced professional diseases among miners. However, it’s level remains high.

With 7 - 8 years of working experience defeats of the oral mucosa and periodontium are 80 – 90 %. Bots M. I. in a survey of underground miners has revealed periodontal disease in 86 % of workers. Depth of periodontal lesions increases with the length of working time. At the same depth and activity of the pathological process the parameters of microcirculation among the workers were significantly lower than in the control group: Vacuum test (named after Kulazhenko W. I.) 9,5 ± 0,1 vs. 26,4 ± 0,3.

The purpose of the study: examine the state of gums among workers of iron ore industry with a help of electron-microscopic method and structure of the bone tissue with a help of densitometry method.

Material and methods. The material for the study were the fragments of gingival papillae of 24 workers in the age of 30 – 60 years, with working experience of 5 – 20 years, which have been taken in the course of surgery for medical reasons. Ultrathin sections were obtained on a ultramicrotome UMPT-7 and contrasted by Reynolds,

also they were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. They were viewed in the electron microscope TEM-100.

Results of studying. Significant changes in the gingival epithelium of examined patients were identified. Almost everywhere were the loosening areas of intercellular contacts defined, sometimes it was accompanied by a loss of edge definition of intercellular membranes. In other places, while maintaining the sharpness of the cytoplasmic membrane, intercellular contacts took the form of channels field with an amorphous content of different density, what indicates loosening of the epithelial layer. Almost everywhere, there were areas in which signs of inter- and intracellular edema were detectable. The nuclei of the epithelial cells, in some cases, had a scalloped shape with protrusions or invaginations of karyoplasm. In the nuclei of the cells, there was a sharp decrease in the chromatin, which condensed on the periphery of karyoplasm.

Significant changes have taken place in the interior lying tissues. Most microvasculars were paralytic expanded. Endothelial cells appeared swelled with sharp increased cores. In the nuclei of myocytes rapidly reduces the content of chromatin which condensed at the nuclear membrane. In the cytoplasm, there were signs of destruction of organelles (mitochondria). There was swelling of the myofibrils.

It should be noted, that all the examined had the lack of oral hygiene and parodontal tissue destruction intensity was increased with age.

Conclusions. Analysis of data, obtained in electron-microscopic study shows that, while retaining the overall organization of the epithelial layer and underlying structures, there were some changes in the ultrastructure of the individual components of the gum. Changes had mosaic nature and in different areas were expressed in varying degrees. In some zones changes in the ultrastructure showed intercellular and intracellular edema of mainly epithelial cells, in other areas they had the nature of dystrophic and even destructive changes, what indicates the depth of the destruction of the cells ultrastructure.

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