Economics/13 Regional economy
Doctor of economic Sciences Kruglov V.N.
Institute of
management, business and technology, Kaluga, Russia
Improving
management at the stage of innovative transformation of the region
Sustainable
development of territories on the basis of innovative transformation of the
economy is the priority for most business entities. It is, accordingly, quite
interesting, you may be experience in this plan Kaluga region, where the
positive dynamics of development evident in the results achieved. First of all,
they are quite significant, as the existing data and predicted values [1,
p.61].
In 2014 approval received socio-economic development
of the Kaluga region for 2015 and for the planning period 2016-2017.
The forecast is based on estimates of regional
ministries with the development of the Russian economy in General, the
geopolitical environment, external environment and risks. The industrial
development of the region's economy is gradually transformed into an innovative
line. The greatest reserves of industrial development associated with the
growth of investment in fixed capital and the development of new market areas
[2, p. 387].
According to specialists ' forecasts, mainly due to
the development of manufacturing industries by 2017 the volume of the gross
regional product of the Kaluga region will reach 591,8 billion. The demand for
labour will support high economic activity of the population. For the period
until 2017 nominal accrued wages and labor pensions in the area will increase 1.4
times [3, p. 321].
Will continue a region to attract investors, primarily
on free sites industrial parks and special economic zone
"Development", as well as to participate in the reconstruction of the
airport complex "Kaluga" and "Ermolino, creation of multimodal
transport and logistics terminal in Borovsk district [4, p. 295].
The main goal of economic transformation in the region
- improving the quality of life and social wellbeing of the region's
population.
Adequately effectively in the Kaluga region Russian
Federal institutional education. For example, the same Bortnik Fund. Recall
that the Foundation for assistance to small innovative enterprises in science
and technology (Bortnik Fund) was established in 1994 for the development of
small business and promote competition in scientific-technical sphere, by
providing financial support to high-performance scientific projects developed
by small businesses.
The region holds the 6th place in the Russian
Federation by the share of industrial products (27%)produced innovative
enterprises [5, p. 349].
Scale R & d region is among the three leaders in
the Central Federal district. The share of innovative products in total
industrial output produced innovative enterprises, - 9%. The share of
innovative enterprises - 8%. The share of innovative products in GRP and 3.4%.
The share of innovative products in total exports and 15%. The level of
scientific potential of Kaluga region occupies the 4th place in the Central
Federal district. Public expenditure on education in the amount of the
consolidated budget of 21.6% [6, p. 375].
Kaluga region is also included in the twenty regions
that achieved the best results in the field of science and innovations,
according to the National Association of innovations and development of information
technology (NAIRIT) [7, p. 332].
The region is actively involved in the programs of the
Foundation. 55 small innovative enterprises received support in the amount of
180 million rubles. Established more than 250 new jobs with an average wage of
28 thousand rubles. As a result of performing R & d registered more than 50
intellectual property [8, p. 364].
The purpose of the Association of innovative regions
of Russia, which includes the Kaluga region, promoting innovation development
of the regions involved.
Particularly noteworthy successes in improving the
quality of regional innovation policy. In the ranking of innovative development
of the Russian Federation subjects, compiled by experts from the Higher school
of Economics in 2014, Kaluga region took 5th place, significantly moved forward
in comparison with 2008. The Association of innovative regions of Russia,
Kaluga among the leaders in second place [9, p. 19].
Is a positive trend, not only in attracting
investment, but also, very importantly, in the innovation sphere. Other regions
should actively learn from Kaluga experience [10, p. 29].
Innovative development areas requires appropriate
models and tools for the adequate management decisions on future development.
One of these tools in the Kaluga region Russian Federation in 2010 was
established by the Government of the Kaluga region, the Agency for innovative
development - center for cluster development (AIRCO) [11, p. Ó].
Its role is to create new sources of economic growth in the region through the
development of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises. The Agency's
activities aimed at creating the necessary conditions for the development of
partnerships between science and business formation in the region of all
elements of the innovation lift to promote innovative projects and ideas,
engaging in innovative sphere of new investment and personnel training.
The ultimate goal of the strategy development of the
Kaluga region, adopted in 2009, is the creation of a knowledge economy. Today
an increasingly important role in its development play innovative technologies
and products [12, p. Ó11].
At the meeting of the government in 2014, it was
announced that the industrial development of the region's economy is gradually
transformed into an innovative and industrial line. Does the share of
innovative products of the existing enterprises?
The last decade of the Kaluga region was created
economies investment type. Opened over 60 new businesses [13, p. Ó111].
Now the Kaluga region is unique in Russia the region. Only that of the
subsidized region became self-sufficient. In the documents of the Ministry of
economic development of Kaluga region appears as a region that itself provides
virtually no unemployment. The policy of opening new businesses that create
high added value per employee, has justified itself. This, in essence, is an
innovative economy.
The dominant feature of the development of the Kaluga
region and the whole country is cluster policy. It is important to focus on
sectors that have great growth prospects. To them has always been the
automotive industry. Annually updating technologies, produced innovative
products.
Tremendous growth observed in the pharmaceutical
industry. In region 6 of the existing large and medium-sized enterprises. In
the near future will begin another 4 companies. After three years on the
territory of Kaluga region will be up to 15 pharmaceutical factories. In 2012,
the volume of pharmaceutical products amounted to more than 4 billion rubles.
And in 2016 it is planned to receive 49 billion. In 2020 this figure will grow
to 150 billion rubles. It is projected that the share of innovative
pharmaceutical products will reach 23%of all industries - almost 50% of GRP.
Kaluga pharmaceutical cluster is already among the top
ten most promising regional clusters Russia. Among the significant achievements
of AIRCO - victory Kaluga pharmaceutical cluster in the competition of the
Ministry of economic development and the obtaining of the status of the pilot
innovation cluster. This status was only 14 regional clusters in various
industries from 93 applied.
Actively developing the cluster of small and medium
enterprises. Due to the synergy of the existing enterprises will be released
new in-formation products cost more than a billion rubles.
Complete the creation of a cluster of aerospace
technologies of composite materials and structures. He will appear on the
anchor company of the city of Obninsk - NGO "Technology". Around him
already formed a belt of small innovative companies. Here also expected solid
growth dynamics of manufactured products and value added per employee.
So today in the Kaluga region has all the
preconditions for the emergence of the Economics of industrial innovation type.
In Obninsk also already implemented a large project -
the Centre of the neutron and proton therapy. The development of biological
scientists, medical radiological centre in harmony with the interests of SC
"ROSATOM". Jointly prepared the business plan of the project, which
is now considered by Vnesheconombank. Its financing will amount to 1.5 billion
rubles. Last year, the project developers received 300 million rubles from the
Ministry of trade of the Russian Federation. The scope of services of high-tech
medicine in this field can make billions of rubles, and the project was
replicated in the regions of Russia.
Another breakthrough project - Park active
molecules". On its basis, a regional engineering centre. Six developments
has received grants from the Ministry of trade of the Russian Federation. The
number of projects financed by private investors. With the support of the
Kaluga region on its creation is allocated 33 million. 77 million rubles
allocated from the Federal budget. It seems that regional engineering center
every year will develop 2-3 unique products. Developments of scientists of the
city of Obninsk will be clinical trials. A matter for commercialization.
We can conclude that the successful combination of the
activities of Federal and regional institutional structures (Bortnik Fund and
the Agency of innovation development of the Kaluga region) helps to achieve new
levels of knowledge economy cluster policy in all areas and spheres of
activity. It is a detailed study of this experience can help all other economic
entities of the Russian Federation to achieve the sustainable development of
their territories on the basis of innovative transformations.
Literature
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open innovation model as a tool for development of the Russian economy
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Innovative development of agro-industrial complexes of the Russian Federation
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Priority national projects: dynamics of development and implementation
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