Педагогические науки/5.Современные
методы преподавания
Искендер Ш.Г., Тулегенова А.М.
Евразийский
национальный университет им.Л.Н.Гумилева, Казахстан
CONCEPT OF E-PORTFOLIO
By the term "portfolio" means a way
of fixing, accumulation and evaluation of individual achievements.
The term "portfolio" has long been familiar to professionals
from the fields of art: many artists now and in
the past century have created
their portfolio of creative works [1].
Nowadays in this age of high-tech portfolio designers, fine art
photographers, model and advertising
agencies, creative workshops are
well represented on the Internet.
The idea of using a portfolio in
school emerged in the 80s of the
XX century in the United States. Portfolio
has become a popular idea in Europe and Japan. The number of publications and books on the subject of
the application portfolio in school, in a short time has increased markedly.
Traditional portfolio is a compilation, a collection of works whose purpose is to demonstrate the student's educational achievements. As, in fact, an alternative method of evaluation in relation to the traditional forms (test exam), portfolio allows us to solve two main tasks:
1. To observe the student's individual
progress he has made in the
process of education, and is
a direct comparison with the
achievements of other students.
2. To evaluate his educational achievements and complement (replace) the results of testing and other traditional forms of control.
In this case, the outcome document of
the portfolio can be viewed as an analogue of the certificate, the certificate of test results (or act along with them).
Portfolio is not only a modern and efficient
forms of assessment, but also helps to
solve the following important pedagogical
objectives: to support and encourage
learning motivation of pupils; encourage their activity and independence,
expand educational opportunities and self; develop skills and reflective appraisal
(self-assessment) activities of
students; forming the ability to
learn - to set goals, plan and organize their own learning activities; promote individualization (personalization) education
students; pledge additional
preconditions and opportunities for successful socialization.
The study sites dedicated to the topic
of e-portfolio gives an idea about the various approaches to the definition
of e-portfolio.
There are authors who treat the electronic portfolio as
a set of documents generated
on a computer. If the paper equivalent of the
portfolio is presented in the
form of a folder with documents,
the electronic portfolio is presented
in the form of files on a magnetic medium.
Under web portfolio is meant a web page or web site of student who used them
to store the results of design and
research activities, personal
achievements, such as the results of participation in competitions, contests
and other intellectual competitions [2].
The content of the portfolio is
presented in the form of electronic
products, differentiated according to the direction and level of expertise. Results of the activities are
measured in four directions: teaching substantive, design and research, information technology,
presentation.
Each student can conduct his or her own portfolio using a
single system. The program has several
sections: a summary, participation in training
activities, participation in social activities,
achievements, application and abstracts
of papers.
Based on the research work of
scientists, we propose to use three
basic types of portfolio, which shown in table 1.
Table 1 - Three basic types of portfolio
|
Types |
Characteristics |
|
Portfolio of the documents |
portfolio of
certified documents(documented) individual educational achievement |
|
Portfolio
of the works |
collection
of various creative, design, research student, as well as the basic forms and directions
of its educational and creative
activity: participation in scientific conferences,
competitions, training camps,
the passage of elective courses, various practices, sports and artistic achievements and
others. |
|
Portfolio of the reviews |
includes
an assessment of their achievements at school,
he had carried out the analysis of
various types of educational
and extracurricular activities and their results, summaries, planning
for future educational stages
and reviews submitted
by teachers, parents, perhaps, classmates,
employees of additional education
and others. |
Portfolio of the documents The main
requirement for this component is the accuracy
of the documents. In the paper version certificates, diplomas, certificates and so on are made in accordance with the existing tradition: countersigned by the responsible persons and the seal of the
organization that issued the document. What could be the electronic
analog of a paper document with a seal?
Ideally, the analog of (equivalent) is an electronic document signed by electronic signature.
Digital signature props electronic
document designed to protect the
electronic document from forgery and
allowing to identify the author of
the document, as well as to establish the absence
of distortion of information in an
electronic document. Digital signature is a key element of the
official electronic document.
Wish to place the document on
the website should be sent by
mail (normal, note) an official letter of request signed and certified by an official, and with
the seal of the organization. This
letter indicates the email
address to which the administration
of the site will send details
to access the site (to be precise
- the section of
the site where you publish documents
portfolio). After receiving the details of the new user
can publish documents on the site
[3].
Portfolio of the work This part
of the e-portfolio has virtually no
differences from the paper version of a portfolio of work. Any document placed in the traditional paper portfolio can be easily transferred
to an electronic format [4].
If a portfolio of work includes
text documents it is enough to make
scanned images of pages, possibly with text recognition (or take the primary sources of printed documents - text
files). Portfolios of work are drawings or photographs - enough
to scan or take a picture with a digital camera pictures and photos.
Other creativity school
elements (items of manual labor, projects, education and creative activity
and so on.) In a paper presented descriptions portfolio,
and thus may also be converted into electronic format.
Electronic document describing the creative
work in the future may be placed
on the website. However, the
problem of representation of a portfolio
of work is not limited to only
the translation of documents in electronic format. The collection of creative works are made available for examination, evaluation,
comparison, the organization of search should
be offered a uniform pattern (structure)
descriptions. This requirement is
completely natural; it follows from the
technology of information systems.
Portfolio of the reviews In terms
of technology transfer documents - portfolio reviews
of components in electronic
format we do not find here
any new features. The only question is what kind of feedback should be signed officially, and which are not. If the portfolio is
present signed an official
document, the reliability of such a document is confirmed as well as the accuracy of the elements of the portfolio of documents that discussed above [5].
Much of the success of the project of
creating a space of school sites
and e-portfolio will be determined by the active position of the leaders of different levels of education and teaching services that can organize the appropriate methodological support providing operational advice. Another important factor
is the atmosphere of healthy
competition, if the same advanced
schools will be encouraged.
If you do not take the effort
to unify the presentation of electronic
portfolio, the portfolio collection of school on
the school website is poorly structured and variegated.
On the set of heterogeneous objects
difficult to organize effective search, attribute selection
or ranking. If
schools offer a
unified framework for the establishment of e-portfolio templates to complete, in place of
chaos will "order".
Internet users (including teachers, parents and students) in this case will
be able to quickly find their
interesting portfolio - examples
of school work, the results of contests and competitions, reviews on the creative and research work of students and teachers. Visitors of the site
will be able to make portfolio requests for search
and selection of the portfolio in the specified attributes, ranging portfolio
of components according to certain
parameters.
In our opinion, one of the positive
aspects of a broad public discussion of the concept e-portfolio in relation to the school became a natural transfer
of this approach to the assessment of
competence in the teaching staff and even the school as a whole. E - portfolio educational institution will certainly help raise teachers' collective in their school students to
participate in projects and competitions
for grants.
By all accounts, as opposed to the traditional five-point rating
system portfolio reflects the
creative achievements of pupils: studies, participation in circles, sections,
contests, creative competitions.
Mechanisms of formation of the electronic portfolio should correspond
with the expectations of the
teaching community, the current level with technical means of educational
institutions, the level of preparedness of school staff and students
in the field of information and
communication technologies.
Project to create a system that ensures the formation and storage of
school portfolio on the Internet,
is an interesting programming tasks.
This problem, of course, should be
addressed in close cooperation with the school community. Good contest national level could be a competition for the creation of the Internet
environment for the formation and storage of electronic portfolio
school on school sites.
As a result of this competition might appear software replicated
across the country (region). Traditionally software for schools will be required to have a methodological support in the form of user manuals, examples of finished portfolio, portfolio templates and
so on.
Unified system of categorization and
uniform system of electronic components metadescriptions portfolio posted on the
school web sites, help to organize mechanisms for sampling, ranking and search portfolio
on the whole of the school sites.
REFERENCES
1. Arter, J. & Spandel, V. (2008). Using portfolios of student work
in instruction
and assessment. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice,
Spring (V), 36–44.
2. Barrett, H. (2005). White Paper. Research Electronic Portfolios and
Learner
Engagement. Retrieved January 2006, from www.taskstream.com/reflect/ whitepaper.pdf.
3. Heath, M. (2002). Electronic portfolios for reflective
self-assessment. Teacher
Librarian, 30(1), 19-23. Jafari, A. (2004).
The “Sticky”
4. Weigel, Van B. (2002). Deep learning for a digital age: Technology’s
untapped
potential to enrich
higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
5. Kilbane, C.R. & Milman, N.B. (2003). The digital teaching
portfolio handbook:
A how-to guide for educators. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.