PhD doctorate Sultan Y.

M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Kazakhstan

Features of transformation of modern Kazakh novels

Modern Kazakh prose is distinguished complex interweaving of different directions, trends, a variety of forms of expression of the author's worldview. But in this huge cultural and aesthetic space is clearly visible one common trend - active experimentation with all elements of the form and content of a work of art that is particularly evident in the genre of the novel.

For several centuries, this genre is still leading in the literature that, as noted already in the middle of last century with the famous Russian scientist M.M.Bakhtin in his work "Epos and the novel" is due to its incompleteness, plasticity and flexibility, so that "... the novel - the only becoming and unprepared genre" whose "backbone", according to the scientist, "is far from being solidified". Precisely because of this the genre novel surprisingly organically fit into the modern literary situation, reflecting the cultural crisis and the search for ways out of it. Of course, in the last decade of the XXI century this genre with his usual setting on the search for the universal connection of phenomena significantly transformed.

Today almost all scholars recognize that modern novelists struggling to find new artistic structures that could most fully convey not only complicate the reality, but also the inner world of a contemporary hero. This naturally leads to new forms of modeling. This trend is manifests itself in both Kazakh and foreign literature. It is no coincidence in a number of studies, especially in the Russian literary study concerning postmodern, addresses the question of the transformation of the genre of the novel. For example, in the monograph D.V.Zatonsky "Modernism and Postmodernism. Thoughts on Primeval Rotation of Fine and inelegant Arts "(Moscow, 2001), a novel in its updated form, regarded as the pinnacle achievement of the postmodern. In general, currently in Kazakhstan and foreign literary studies observed intensification of interest in the process of styling, including the transformation of the genre of the novel. These issues are to a greater or lesser degree affect in their works almost all the domestic researchers of modern literature: Z.Ahmetov ("Modern development and traditions of Kazakh literature"), Murat Auezov ("By Time Binding Thread "), R. Berdybai ("From the legend to the novel"), Sh. Eleukenov ("From folklore to the epic novel") M.Karataev ("From dombras to book"), S.Kirabaev ("High appointment"), as in studies of foreign scientists as M.Epshteyn, M.Lipovetsky and N..Leyderman, P.Vayl and A.Genis, A.Nemzer, A.Marchenko, G.Nefagina, and others.

To the problem of genre modification in the literature in the end of twentieth century devoted a lot of dissertation research, carried out on the basis of works of one author as an example of one genre or even one product, and the materials of prose of the end of last century as a whole. Researchers rightly pointed out that in times of transition is always observed diffusion of genres, fusion between the previously dominant, but as it has exhausted itself new forms and embryos, which then also destined to become the "old".

Unfortunately, the transformation of modern novels still understudied topic in the Kazakh literary criticism. However, examining the works of such contemporary novelists as Abdizhamil Nurpeisov («Songy Paryz»), Mukhtar Magauin («Zharmak»), Bakkozha Mukai («Omirzaya»), Smagul Elubay («Ak boz ui»), Muhambetkaliuly Kazhygali («Tar Kezen»), and others we have identified the following features and factors of transformation of modern Kazakh novels:

- At the present stage novelistic genre demonstrates the ability to clot, reduction, reduction of volume that could be interpreted ambiguously. On the one hand, as a gaming mismatch primary purpose and its artistic expression. On the other hand, minimizing the shape, the author «detracts» content, conversely encrypts it, referring to the previously accumulated cultural experience.

- - The tendency to fusion, "hybridization" with other genre patterns manifests itself, firstly, through a connection with the hagiographic novel form, indicating a desire for the correlation of the transient and the eternal, to confront dangerous destructive processes of modernity, expressed a desire to join the universal laws of life. Second, the actual creation of author genre forms as a result of the interaction of documentary and fictional (or pseudo-documentary) story. Third, within the framework of the novel genre there is a tendency to generic synthesis.

The transformation of the novel genre in modern literature does not lead to the destruction of his constant structures allocated M.M. Bakhtin. Firstly, a prominent feature of the modern novel is a "three-dimensional stylistic" due to the dialogic nature of the Word, enriched value context preceding tradition. Secondly, retains its significance "chronotope of unfinished present" compounded by the fact that a work created at the turn of XX - XXI centuries, is included in a continuous flow of historical time, because of its through quotational nature. And finally, thirdly, the image of the hero, which is formed in the "contact zone" of the author and the reader, in this case is complicated, because the value one baggage that becomes clear with the help of intertextual references.

The phenomenon of minimize associated with the collapse of a coherent picture of the world and typical of any border, transitional epoch, at the present stage gets new genre forms. This is due, firstly, the postmodern conception of the world as a text in which all the words already spoken, and secondly, the specificity of time that passes under the sign of "nano" when unusually enlarged, infinitely great world personality itself is minimized. The essence of this process is not a simplification, but rather a complication when compressed form becomes a way of rethinking the largest, contains endless potential meanings. Synthetic genre neoplasms suggest a specific artistic thinking of contemporary authors seeking to display a complex and multifaceted reality by modeling new genre forms.

In this article we looked at the model resulting from the synthesis of the novel with other genre and tribal entities that allowed us to consider the main directions of "hybridization".

Literature:

1. Ahmetov Z., Modern development and traditions of Kazakh literature, Alma-Ata, 1978.-268 p.

2. Auezov M.M., By Time Binding Thread, Alma-Ata, 1972.-234 p.

3. Eleukenov Sh.R., From folklore to the epic novel, Alma-Ata, 1987.-341 p.

4. Kirabaev S.S., High appointment, Alma-Ata, 1985.-325 p.

5. Bakhtin M.M., Aesthetics of verbal creativity, 1986.- 445 p.

6. Bakhtin M.M., Literary critiques, Moscow, 1986. -541 p.

7. Bakhtin M.M., Epic and the novel, S.-Petersburg, 2000.- 301p.

8. Zatonskii D.V., Art of the novel and the XX Century, Moscow, 1973. - 535 p.

9. Zatonskii D.V., Modernism and postmodernism. Thoughts on Primeval Rotation of Fine Arts and inelegant, Moscow, 2001. - 256 p.