Ibirayim Azimkhan Orazbayulu

M. Kh. Dulaty Taraz State University, Kazakhstan

THE SCIENTIFIC STYLE GENRES IN MODERN KAZAKH LANGUAGE

Division of the scientific texts into the genre types is an extra-linguistic factor depending on the purpose and content. There is a great linguistic importance from scientific point of view regarding the issue with functional-stylistic nature. As this field opens its internal features and could not be as a functional style. Emerging patterns of language means certain styles, especially in the given linguistic data. M. Kozhinа said: «... The study of the linguistic resources’ functioning, and specific styles and structures can give certain results only when we take into account the extralinguistic foundations of styles».

The content herein is analyzed by the chosen laws of genres through the speaking subject. That’s why the text, written in every functional style, shows the certain formation of genres or history of its traditional usage. In addition the text defines the quality of language forms of the personal functions in the given situation. Concluding, there is a definite exact structure in every genre style, it’s clearly that there are early defined facilities (the signs of quality). Let say, business genre structure is quite strict style; if this style is not followed the business genre structure might be changed. The word order must not be changed or the lexical units are not to be substituted by the synonyms in official documents. These changes can be considered to be natural phenomenon as a text is required a communicative interest.

In comparison with styles mentioned before, the scientific genre style is quite gentle, moreover in connection with meaning of a text, it may include itself numerous variants. A scientific style doesn’t have its demands; however, it doesn’t mean that it doesn’t keep its style. That’s why, in scientific genre texts, the rational direction is higher privileged, and they are different by its volume, an analyzed conclusion and logical structure as well.

A notion of genre might be executed by pragmatically numbers in order to concrete from linguistically point of view. Modern linguistical-pragmatical results are used for definition of text’s types. Therefore, M. M. Bakhtin points out that colloquial genre and grammar forms can’t be existed without each other. If grammar organizes language systems of language elements, but genre itself organizes the structure of speaking notion.

A scientist S. Aliszhanov shows such features collecting the spoken colloquial pragmatic aspects about genres:

a) genre is an exact existing pragmatical category in the process of organizing speaking ;

b) genre ties with functional style as genre paradigm connects with style and style features based on pragmatical features;

c) genre kinds are formed on historical description, traditional usage in different times and systematized as well. The choice of genre kinds in a definite functional style is accomplished in three factors: intension of a speaker, language - logic co-relation in content, a compositional decoration of content.

Scientific literature language, even in language is studied in Russian, there is no common opinion in difference of genres in the scientific texts. Genre groups of each investigator is made on the basis of his principals. T.N. Malchevskaya pays attention to such problems: method of retelling, an exact and abstract retelling, volume of retelling, a level of collection, purpose and tasks of intellectual information. M.M. Razinkina gives the examples on three factors. They are: 1) a form of structure, 2) description of information, 3) emotional description of information. Referring to these factors, she determines such kinds of scientific prose: 1) monographs, 2) magazine articles; 3) reference; 4) textbooks; 5) lectures; 6) reports; 7) informative messages (conference, symposiums, congress and etc.); 8) debates (ex: at conference); 9) inquiry materials.

E.S. Troyanskaya points out that the genre style is taken into account defining text types written in scientific style. A common collection of speaking creates the language problems, therefore three factors of Bakhtin are used: 1) a full completion of theme on content; 2) a free speaking and a conclude speaker’s point of view; 3) a compositional genre completion of a type. Taking into account all these facts, such groups might be created: 1) academicals (purely scientific) texts: monographs, article, dissertation, a scientific-technical report, thesis, reports, information, debate and etc. 2) informative-official texts (genres: report, annotation and etc.); 3) inquiry encyclopedic scientific texts (genres: encyclopedia, reference book, dictionary and etc.); 4) scientific estimated texts (genres: reference, results of analysis, polemic debates and etc.); 5) scientific textbooks (genre: textbook, lectures and etc); 6) scientific recommendation texts (genre: recommendation, official documents, programs, and etc); 7) scientific business texts: a) scientific and technical documents (genre: patent, author’s certificate, standard, technical requirements and etc.); b)governmental texts (genre: acts, recommendation, contract, advertising, project, decree, planning reports and etc.)

Certainly, these divisions of genre types are suspicious (especially, scientific business texts.) Among them, some scientific texts are referred to official documents. But E.S.Troyanskayu’s leading genre structure proves that in Russian language the division of scientific texts into different kinds is not suspicious. Though this author doesn’t pay attention to those groups of many investigators due to volume of the texts.

M. Sergaliev considers a nature of genre together with a definite kind of functional style. Up to author’s words “a minor style of functional style can be a collection of definite style, and each text is a genre in this minor style.” In conclusion, scientific style can be divided into a pure scientific mini style, a scientific textbook mini style, and a scientific mini style for majority. Such opinion appears up to the genre style and communicative features; also it may be imagined scientific genre as one collection. That’s why, such opinion demands clarification, as well as it gives a right language style features in science.

Scientific style is not the same, it divides into several kinds in writing: 1) a pure written investigation for specialists in a specified sphere: scientific articles and reports, thesis – reports, monographs, author’s report and etc. 2) scientific works for non-specialist in different spheres of science; 3) methodological textbooks, scientific investigation for specialist’s preparation.

Scientific style has got the structural system. They consist of certain systematized stages such as the scientific text, its construction, author’s estimation, purposes and tasks of the scientific investigation, external elements of the scientific text construction, introduction, chapter, summary of each chapter and conclusion.

According to the sphere of the science they are divided into the genres: law, mathematics, chemistry, medicine, physics, linguistics, literature and etc. Therefore lexical features of style, even the other features (grammatical, functional) are appeared. In addition to it the genre has a little influence on the speaking type.

So the scientific texts can be classified by their different features. Among them the following three main features are predominated: 1) volume of works; 2) reporting types of the text; 3) what is meant in the text.

According to the text’s volume, the groups can be divided into a large group (monograph, textbook, the course of lectures and etc.), a middle group (report, article, lecture and etc.) and a small group (report thesis, annotation, resume, reference and etc.)

Through the addressee character we know that this scientific work is for the single specialists or for wide audience. In this case the written work for the single specialists are regarded as a pure scientific and texts can be regarded as scientific majority for other readers. The academician R.Syzdyk says: “… the scientific literature is a pure scientific that is for the specialists in certain scientific spheres and scientific majority and that is for the number of reader’s environment as well.” In the scientific literature, the scientific terms are mainly used which are non-understandable for many people and, literatures of non-understandable terms are explained in scientific majority by the description (the combination).

Together with said before, the main features must be marked with the additional features. Let say that according to the content’s level, the scientific work is divided into inquiry, periodical, monographic, memorial, informational literatures referred to the additional features. Connotation direction in the scientific text is connected with what level it is divided, the work in some groups is also related to additional features. The scientist S.Aliszhanov shows it in this scheme:

Main features	Additional features
The works’ volume Methods of content or types of retelling Addressee character	Connation character Level of retelling

There are small and large genres in a scientific style. The author’s and collective scientific works are related to large genre: dissertation, encyclopedia, dictionary and textbooks. Article, report, thesis, reference and etc. are small genres.

We divide the scientific datum into the primary and latest up to the levels.

The definition of a primary scientific purpose genre is taken from the results of scientific datum, the latest scientific genre defines the latest achievements of scientific datum. Communicative pragmatic functions of scientific style genre are considered in common scientific style.

There are not small genre kinds, which give epistimitic forms of content, information, datum of scientific works. The scientist D. Alkebaeva shows the following types:

-academic work, author’s scientific work, monograph, article, dissertation, thesis, information, report, resume;

- inquiry encyclopedia, encyclopedic dictionary, inquiry dictionaries;

- scientific estimated reference, reference, expert results;

-polemic discussions, scientific textbook, textbook, collection of lectures;

-scientific-methodical books, educational plans, scientific business author’s certificate, advertizing, patent;

- the basis;

- the last;

- the boundary.

The main basis and the last areas of all genres in the scientific style of stylistic category and stylistic norm are shown in certain pragmatic function.

Thinking and fantasy go together in all genres of scientific style, that’s why language units forming hypothetical stylistic category are used in scientific style.

The list of used literature:

1. Kozhina M.N. About speech system of scientific style in comparison with some others. – Perm, 1972.

2. Bakhtin M.M. Problems of speech genres // Bakhtin M.M. Esthetics of literary work. – M., 1979.

3. Aliszhanov S. Syntaxes of scientific prose. – Almaty: Arys, 2007.

4. Malchevskaya T.N. Specific character of scientific texts and principles of their classification (on materials of biological texts) // The peculiarities of scientific style. – M.: Nauka, 1976.

5. Razinkina N.M. Some common problems of functional style study // The peculiarities of scientific style. – M.: Nauka, 1976.

6. Troyanskaya E.S. Genres and genre varieties of scientific style // Troyanskaya E.S. Teaching reading in scientific literature. Aid for the teacher of foreign language. – M.: Nauka, 1989.

7. Sergaliev M. The basis of stylistics. Textbook. – Astana: ENU named after L.N.Gumiliov, 2006.

8. Ibirayim A.O. Book-written style. – Almaty, 2003.

9. Syzdyk R. Word power. – Almaty: Sanat, 1997.

10. Alkebaeva D. Pragmasylistics of Kazakh language. – Almaty: Kazakh University, 2008.