Bakhtiyar Balzhan Torepashkyzy

Candidate of Technical Sciences, senior teacher of AUES

 

Analysis of development and introduction of the new energy saving technologies with use heat pump installations (TNU) in systems heat supplies

in habieted, public and production buildings in the republic of Kazakhstan

 

Development of world power at a turn of XX and XXI centuries mainly is defined by the following factors: the increasing growth of consumption of natural energy resources; increase in prices for organic fuel (oil, gas); strengthening of harmful effects of production on environment.

Action of these factors was directly reflected in structure fuel – a power complex of industrialized countries of the world, including Republic of Kazakhstan where in an energy drink primary distribution was gained by thermal power sources on organic fuel, first of all on coal.

In the Republic of Kazakhstan as well as around the world, the cost of the thermal energy received by burning of organic fuels in boiler rooms and the electric power developed on coal thermal power plants increases. It stimulates introduction of thermal pumps that will allow to reduce harmful emissions in the atmosphere of boiler rooms, especially in the cities and large settlements.

Now in the industry certain success on use of secondary energy resources (VER) with a high temperature potential is achieved (liquids with a temperature more than 150 of 0C and gases with a temperature more than 300 of 0C). At the same time low-temperature waste thermal streams are practically not used. These "the thermal rivers" have all the year round temperature 20-40 0C and are cooled in coolers and other vaporizing coolers, giving to the atmosphere together with warmth and part of water. In such branches as the chemical and microbiological industry water reverse cycles reach 30–50 thousand m3/h, i.e. is lost in the atmosphere of one hundred gigacalories of warmth. Besides, at the amplifying modern requirements to environment protection, practically in all large cities of the country stations of aeration, treatment facilities work or are under construction. After cleaning on them water has temperature not less than 10 - 15 0C in the winter. Partial return of this waste thermal energy and reduction of thermal environmental pollution also stimulates to introduction of thermal pumps. Also in rural areas sources of the decentralized heat supply, mainly, individual heating installations prevail so far. It will stimulate development of thermal pumps of the low power of 5 - 20 kW.

In the southern regions of the republic there are sources of natural warmth, for example, geothermal waters (with water temperature higher than ambient temperature), artesian wells, ground waters, etc. which are practically not used.

Therefore when temperature of the located warmth or warmth of VER is low and insufficient for useful use in system of heat supply, the temperature level of this warmth can be increased artificially by means of the thermotransformer – the thermal pump, having spent for it any energy (electric, mechanical, thermal).

Thermal pumps or thermotransformers are the environmentally friendly compact freon installations allowing to receive warmth for heating and hot water supply due to use of warmth of a low potential source (NPT) by transfer it to the heat carrier with more high temperature (VPT). As a source of NPT can be used: the industrial and cleared household drains, water of production cycles; warmth of ground, geothermal, deep-well waters; warmth of the external or deleted from the building air; soil or solar energy; flue gases, etc.

It is expedient to TNU to use upon transition to the decentralized systems of heat supply (without extended expensive thermal networks) when thermal energy is generated near her consumer, and fuel is burned out of the settlement (city). Introduction of such economic and environmentally friendly technologies of heat supply is necessary first of all in again under construction districts of the cities and in settlements at a complete elimination of application of electroboiler rooms, energy consumption with which by 3-4 times exceeds consumption it heatpump installations.

 

Table 1 - Data about some sources of low-potential warmth (SLPW)

INT

Environment of an intermediate contour Temperature

source, °C

 

Ground waters water °Ñ

a water intake

Water

8..15

Soil

antifreeze

2..10

Water from

Water

6..10

River water

antifreeze

1..10

Sewer drains

Water

10..17

Air

air

-8..15

Exhaust air

air

18..25

 

TNU are classified as follows:

- by the principle of action and features of a design: compression, absorbing (ATNU);

- to destination: for heating; for heating and conditioning; for hot water supply; for heating and GVS; for heating, GVS and a kondiktsionirovaniye;

- according to schemes of inclusion: one-stage (only the thermal pump); dvukhkstupenchaty (the thermal pump with an additional source of heat on fuel or the electric power); multistage with two consistently included in TNU;

- on use of natural power sources and waste heat: nakruzhny air; surface water (rivers, lakes, etc.); underground (gruntokvy) waters; deep warmth of soil; helioenergy; the departing heat (air, exhaust waters, the return network water cooling waters of thermal power plant and the NPP);

- on sources of the spent energy: electric power; liquid fuel; natural gas (NG); solid fuel.

TNU using ground waters as the low-potential heat carrier is given in figure 1.

The contour of selection of heat from a reservoir can be opened or closed. In the first case water from a reservoir is pumped over through a cooler, is cooled and comes back to a reservoir.

As an operating mode of the thermal pumps using heat of the earth and warmly deleted air, constant, and consumption of hot water variable hot water supply is equipped with storage containers.

 

LIST OF REFERENCES

 

1. Fly D., McMichael D. Thermal pumps: The lane with English - M.: Energoizdat, 1982. - 224 pages.                                                            

2. The review of the market of thermal pumps in Sweden, Finland.//AVATARS, 2002, No. 1, page 40-41.

3. Antonio Bridanti. Thermal pumps in premises.//AVATARS, 2001, No. 5, page 24-32

4. Petin Yu.M. Experience of decade of production of thermal pumps in JSC Energiya.//Power policy, 2001, Vyp.3, page 28-33.