Экономические науки/3. Финансовые отношения
Ivanova K.U., Moiseieva F.A.
Donetsk National University of
economics and trade named after Mychaylo Tugan-Baranovskiy
The role of
financial analysis in the activity budget structures and stages of its
implementation
Objective
and timely assessment of the financial situation of enterprises is particularly
important for the emergence of various forms of ownership, and especially the
state. Each owner must use all available and hidden reserves to increase
profits. To achieve this goal it is necessary to continuously assess the
financial position, the movement of financial resources, conduct scientific
research informed financial relationships. For budgetary institutions, as a
special form of ownership, in their activities especially necessary financial
analysis for planning, forecasting financial performance.
Problems
of financial analysis budget institutions from different points of view in his
writings to pay attention to these foreign scholars as J. Buchanan, A. Wagner,
J. Keynes, A. Laffer, V.Leontev, R. Lucas, A. Marshall, P . Samuelson. Among
domestic scientists P. Sukharev, J. Simenko, T. Kosovo Poderohina A., M. Bilyk,
A. Kononenko, S. Saliga, N. Nesterenko, L. beet, L. Klets and others.
However,
the question of financial analysis in public institutions do not have
sufficient coverage, the above scholars in terms of its phases. The purpose of
this paper on the assessment of the features of budget structures is to examine
and study the role of financial analysis in their work, as well as defining the
stages of its implementation.
For
analysis of the budget agency must use a special technique based on the classic
analysis of financial and economic activity using the moments that take into
account the peculiarities of Ukrainian budget institutions. The main tasks for
which the necessary financial analysis of budgetary institutions - is to
maximize profits; activation of the capital structure and ensuring its
financial performance, building an effective mechanism for managing the budget
organization, budget organization using market mechanisms to attract funding.
So, the
first step to financial analysis budget organization are: choice of target
analysis and object The problem - namely, the disclosure of the financial activities
of a budget organization, analysis of performance indicators, impact assessment
of the state budget for the financial activities of the organization and
financial problems activities and ways to eliminate them or improving financial
performance, and the choice of methods of analysis - analytical, graphical,
current, comparative, logical, vertical, horizontal, and others.
The
next step, according Methods of analysis of financial and economic activity of
the public sector [2], which is designed to determine the objective and
subjective causes of loss, ensuring uniformity of approaches in assessing
financial-economic status and effectiveness of public sector entities Ukraine's
economy, identifies the main parameters characterizing the financial and economic
situation of enterprises, establish the procedure for calculating them
according to financial and tax reporting, directions inspections of businesses
to identify objective and subjective causes of loss, and the criteria for
evaluating the effectiveness of management of enterprises .
On
stage at which it is carried out financial analysis, there is a financial
analysis for certain types depending on the object of analysis: analysis of the
financial activity of the entity's financial analysis of individual business
units, as well as analysis of individual financial transactions. Analysis of
individual business units - can be used by the departments offices: for
example, analysis of service performance management expenditure of spending
power structures, management accounting and more. Analysis of the individual
transactions may relate, primarily, the analysis of budget revenues and
expenditures, analyzing service subsidies, transfer payments, debt, and
analysis of a number of internal operations, research the financial stability
of enterprises, research efficiency property of the organization's own working
capital, objective assessment of the dynamics and the liquidity, solvency and
financial stability, assessing the situation on the market and entity quantitative
evaluation of its competitiveness, determine the effectiveness of the use of
financial resources. [4]
The
next stage involves a detection unused and prospective reserves for improving
the efficiency of the budget of the organization. Based on this sixth step is
to identify the most promising activities. And finally, the last step in the
financial analysis of the budgetary institutions is to develop, based on the
above analysis, measures to improve the efficiency of the budget of the
organization and follow-up their implementation.
Based
on the information presented above, we can conclude that the financial analysis
of the budget agency slightly different from the analysis of enterprise
ownership forms. That is, the analysis must consider the features that are
inherent with the budgetary institutions. So communications information
domestic and foreign authors and making its assessment, it was discovered the
role of analysis in activity budget institutions and its stages. This approach
further promotes the study of complex financial analysis of budgetary
institutions as a specific entity.
References
1. The
Budget Code of Ukraine N 2456-VI (2456-17) of 08.07.2010, p. 572
2. On
Approving the Methodology of analysis of financial and economic activity of the
public sector - Decree of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine № 170 of
14.02.2006
3.
Financial analysis of the budgetary organizations Yaryshko AV, Tkachenko EY
Economics p. 174-180
4.
State financial control of budgetary institutions in Ukraine LE Klets Current
Economic Issues with. 96-106